General References

References for the WAVR-21 V3, in support of the manual content.

To jump to specific WAVR-21 V3 item references, please use the links below.

Motives for Violence
Homicidal Ideas, Violent Preoccupations or Identifications
Threatening Communications or Expressed Intent
Weapons Skill and/or Access
Pre-attack Planning and Preparation
Stalking or Menacing Behavior
Current Job or Academic Problems
Extreme Job or Academic Attachment
Loss, Personal Stressors and Negative Coping
Entitlement and Other Negative Traits
Lack of Conscience and Irresponsibility
Anger Problems
Suicidality and/or Depressive Mood
Irrationally Suspicious or Bizarre Beliefs
Substance Abuse and/or Dependence
Increasing Isolation
History of Violence, Criminality, and/or Conflict
Domestic/Intimate Partner Violence
Situational and Organizational Contributors to Violence
Stabilizers and Buffers Against Violence
Organizational Impact of Real or Perceived Threats

General References

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American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association Publishing.

Ashman, T. A., Gordon, W. A., Cantor, J. B., & Hibbard, M. R. (2006). Neurobehavioral consequences of traumatic brain injury. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 73(7), 999-1005.

ASME Innovative Technologies Institute, LLC. (2010). A risk analysis standard for natural and man-made hazards to higher education institutions. Washington, DC: Author.

Assem. Bill 1014, 2013-2014 Reg. Sess., 2014 Cal. State. Retrieved from https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB1014

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Blair, J. P., & Schweit, K. (2014). A study of active shooter incidents, 2000-2013. Texas State University and Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Department of Justice. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.

Borum, R., Bartel, P., & Forth, A. (2002). Manual for the structured assessment of violence risk in youth (SAVRY). Tampa, FL: University of South Florida.

Borum, R., Cornell, D. G., Modzeleski, W., & Jimerson, S. R. (2010). What can be done about school shootings? A review of the evidence. Educational Researcher, 39(1), 27-37.

Borum, R., Fein, R., Vossekuil, B., & Berglund, J. (1999). Threat assessment: Defining an approach for evaluating risk of targeted violence. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 17, 323-337.

Bolante, R., & Dykeman, C. (2015). Threat assessment in community colleges. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management, 2(1), 23.

Brown, S. (2016, July 21). How to hold research ‘rock stars’ accountable for sexual harassment. The Chronical of Higher Education. Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/article/How-to-Hold-Research-Rock/237200

Calhoun, F. S., & Weston, S. W. (2003). Contemporary threat management: A practical guide for identifying, assessing, and managing individuals of violent intent. San Diego, CA: Specialized Training Services.

Cantor, C. H., Mullen, P. E., & Alpers, P. A. (2000). Mass homicide: The civil massacre. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 28(1), 55-63.

Cochran S.V., Rabinowitz, F.E. (2000). Men and depression: Clinical and empirical perspectives. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Cohen, A. P., Azrael, D., & Miller, M. (2014). Rate of mass shootings has tripled since 2011, Harvard research shows. Mother Jones, October 15, 2014.

Day, A. L., & Catano, V. M. (2006). Screening out violent employees. In E. K. Kelloway, J. Barling & J. J. Hurrell (Eds.), Handbook of workplace violence (pp. 549-577). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Deisinger, G., Randazzo, M., & Nolan, J. (2014). Threat assessment and management in higher education. In J. R. Meloy, J. Hoffmann (Eds.), International handbook of threat assessment (pp. 107-125). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Deisinger, G., Randazzo, M., O’Neill, D., & Savage, J. (2008). The handbook for campus threat assessment & management teams. Stoneham, MA: Applied Risk Management.

Devinsky, O. (2008). Postictal psychosis: Common, dangerous, and treatable. Epilepsy Currents, 8(2), 31-34.

De Vries Robbé, M., de Vogel, V., Koster, K., & Bogaerts, S. (2015). Assessing protective factors for sexually violent offending with the SAPROF. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 27(1), 51-70.

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Dutton, D. G. (2007). The psychology of genocide, massacres, and extreme violence: Why” normal” people come to commit atrocities. Greenwood Publishing Group.

Dunn, J. (2014). The Los Angeles police department threat management Unit. In J. R. Meloy & J. Hoffmann (Eds.), International handbook of threat assessment (pp. 285 – 298). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Elison, J., Garofalo, C., & Velotti, P. (2014). Shame and aggression: Theoretical considerations. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(4), 447-453.

Erikson, E. H. (1993). Childhood and society. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.

Fein, R. A., & Vossekuil, B. (1998). Protective intelligence and threat assessment investigations: A guide for state and local law enforcement officials (p. 37). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice.

Fein, R., & Vossekuil, B. (1998). Preventing attacks on public officials and public figures: A Secret Service perspective. In J. R. Meloy (Ed.), The psychology of stalking: Clinical and forensic perspectives (pp. 175-191). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Fein, R. A., Vossekuil, B., & Holden, G. A. (1995). Threat assessment: An approach to prevent targeted violence (Vol. 2). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice.

Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2012). Final report of the William H. Webster commission on the Federal Bureau of Investigation, counterterrorism intelligence, and the events at Fort Hood, Texas, on November 5, 2009. Retrieved from https://www.fbi.gov

Findorff, M. J., McGovern, P. M., Wall, M., Gerberich, S. G., & Alexander, B. (2004). Risk factors for work related violence in a health care organization. Injury Prevention, 10(5), 296-302.

Fleminger, S. (2008). Long-term psychiatric disorders after traumatic brain injury. European Journal of Anesthesiology, 25(S42), 123-130.

Folger, R., & Skarlicki, D. P. (1998). A popcorn metaphor for workplace violence. Dysfunctional Behavior in Organizations, 1, 43-81.

Garbarino, J. (1999). The lost boys: Why our sons turn violent and how we can save them. New York, NY: The Free Press.

Gawande, A. (2009). The checklist manifesto: How to get things right. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company LLC.

Gilligan, J. (2003). Shame, guilt, and violence. Social Research, 70(4), 1149-1180.

Gilligan, J. (1996). Violence: Our deadly epidemic and its causes. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.

Goldstein, M. L. & Morewitz, S. (2007). Sensory integration dysfunction. In R. T. Brown, B. P. Daly & A. U. Rickel (Eds.), Chronic illness in children and adolescents (Vol. 9, pp. 125-130). New York, NY: Springer.

Goodwin, A. (2014). Threat assessment: Are we using the wrong nets? Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 28(4), 252-256.

Green, L. (1961). Foreseeability in negligence law. Columbia Law Review, 61(8), 1401–1424.

Guy, L. S., Packer, I. K., & Warnken, W. (2012). Assessing risk of violence using structured professional judgment guidelines. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 12(3), 270-283

Hargrave, G. E. (2001). Risk of workplace violence: Ethical and procedural issues in evaluating employees. Journal of Threat Assessment,1(2), 1-20.

Harrell, E. (2011). Workplace violence, 1993-2009: National crime victimization survey and the census of fatal occupational injuries. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Heiner, J. D., & Moore, G. P. (2014). The combative patient. In J.A. Marx, R. S. Hockberger & and R. M. Walls (Eds.), Rosen’s emergency medicine: Concepts and clinical practice (pp. 2414-2421). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.

Hollister, B. A., & Scalora, M. J. (2015). Broadening campus threat assessment beyond mass shootings. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 25, 43-53.

Holmes, R. M., Holmes, S. T., & Park, H. (2007). Profiling violent crimes: An investigative tool. Monterey, CA: Monterey Institute of International Studies.

Hyatt-Williams, A. (1998). Violence, cruelty and murder. London, England: Karnac.

Janoff-Bulman, R. (1985). The aftermath of victimization: Rebuilding shattered assumptions. Trauma and its Wake, 1, 15-35.

Kelleher, M. D. (1997). Profiling the lethal employee: Case studies of violence in the workplace. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.

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Krug, E. G., Mercy, J. A., Dahlberg, L. L., & Zwi, A. B. (2002). The world report on violence and health. The Lancet, 360(9339), 1083-1088.

Knoll, J. L. (2012). Mass murder: Causes, classification, and prevention. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 35(4), 757-780.

Lansky, M. (1991). Shame and the problem of suicide: A family systems perspective. British Journal of Psychotherapy, 7(3), 230-242.

Lerner, D., Haque, O., Northrup, E., Lawer, L., & Bursztajn, H. (2012). Emerging perspectives on adolescents and young adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders, violence, and criminal law. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online 40(2),177-190.

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McMurtrie, B. (2015). As campus gun violence increases, so do professors’ fears. The Chronical of Higher Education. Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/article/As-Campus-Gun-Violence/233727

Meichenbaum, D. (2001). Traumatic brain injury and depression/suicidal behavior: Assessment and treatment. Clearwater, FL: Meichenbaum Publications.

Meloy, J. R. (1988). Violent and homicidal behavior in primitive mental states. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 16(3), 381-394.

Meloy, J. R. (1992). Voluntary intoxication and the insanity defense. Journal of Psychiatry & Law, 20(4), 439-457.

Meloy, J. R. (1992). Revisiting the Rorschach of Sirhan Sirhan. Journal of Personality Assessment, 58(3), 548-570.

Meloy, J. R. (1997). Predatory violence during mass murder. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 42(2), 326-329.

Meloy, J. R. (1988). The Psychopathic Mind. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.

Meloy, J. R. (2002). Stalking and violence. In J. Boon & L. Sheridan (Eds.), Stalking and Psychosexual Obsession (pp. 105-124). London, England: John Wiley & Sons.

Meloy, J. R. (2006). Empirical basis and forensic application of affective and predatory violence. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40(6-7), 539-547.

Meloy, J. R. & Gill, P. (2016). The lone actor terrorist and the TRAP-18. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management, 3, 37-52.

Meloy, J. R., Hempel, A. G., Gray, B. T., Mohandie, K., Shiva, A., & Richards, T. C. (2004). A comparative analysis of North American adolescent and adult mass murderers. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 22(3), 291-309.

Meloy, J. R., Hoffmann, J., Guldimann, A., & James, D. (2012). The role of warning behaviors in threat assessment: An exploration and suggested typology. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 30(3), 256-279.

Meloy, J. R., Hoffmann, J., Roshdi, K., Glaz-Ocik, J., & Guldimann, A. (2014). Warning behaviors and their configurations across various domains of targeted violence. In J. R. Meloy & J. Hoffmann (Eds.), International handbook of threat assessment (pp. 39-53). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Meloy, J. R., Mohandie, K., Knoll, J. L., & Hoffmann, J. (2015). The concept of identification in threat assessment. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 33(2-3), 213-237.

Meloy, J. R., & O’Toole, M. E. (2011). The concept of leakage in threat assessment. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 29(4) 513–527.

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References Specific to the WAVR-21 V3 Items

Item 1: Motives for Violence

Appelbaum, P. S., Robbins, P. C., & Monahan, J. (2000). Violence and delusions: Data from the MacArthur violence risk assessment study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(4), 566-572.

Barling, J., Dupré, K. E., & Kelloway, E. K. (2009). Predicting workplace aggression and violence. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 671-692.

Bondü, R., & Scheithauer, H. (2015). Kill one or kill them all? Differences between single and multiple victim school attacks. European Journal of Criminology, 12(3), 277-299.

Borum, R., Fein, R., Vossekuil, B., & Berglund, J. (1999). Threat assessment: Defining an approach for evaluating risk of targeted violence. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 17, 323-337.

Borum, R., & Reddy, M. (2001). Assessing violence risk in Tarasoff situations: A fact-based model of inquiry. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 19, 375-385.

Bufkin, J. L., & Luttrell, V. R. (2005). Neuroimaging studies of aggressive and violent behavior current findings and implications for criminology and criminal justice. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 6(2), 176-191.

Calhoun, F. S., & Weston, S. W. (2003). Contemporary threat management: A practical guide for identifying, assessing and managing individuals of violent intent. San Diego, CA: Specialized Training Services.

Chalofsky, N., & Krishna, V. (2009). Meaningfulness, commitment, and engagement: The intersection of a deeper level of intrinsic motivation. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 11(2), 189-203.

DeFronzo, J., Ditta, A., Hannon, L., & Prochnow, J. (2007). Male serial homicide the influence of cultural and structural variables. Homicide Studies, 11(1), 3-14.

De Zulueta, F. (2006). From pain to violence: The traumatic roots of destructiveness. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons.

Delisi, M. & Scherer, A. (2006). Multiple homicide offenders: Offense characteristics, social, correlates, and criminal careers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 33, 367-391.

Dunbar, E. (2006). Race, gender, and sexual orientation in hate crime victimization: Identity politics or identity risk? Violence and Victims, 21(3), 323-337.

Elison, J., Garofalo, C., & Velotti, P. (2014). Shame and aggression: Theoretical considerations. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(4), 447-453.

Fein, R., & Vossekuil, B. (1998). Preventing attacks on public officials and public figures: A Secret Service perspective. In J. R. Meloy (Ed), The psychology of stalking: Clinical and forensic perspectives (pp. 175-191). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Flynn, C., & Heitzmann, D. (2008). Tragedy at Virginia Tech: Trauma and its aftermath. The Counseling Psychologist, 36, 479–489.

Galen, L. (2011). The fundamentalist mindset: Psychological perspectives on religion, violence, and History. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 21(3), 237-241.

Geberth, V. J. (2013). Practical homicide investigation checklist and field Guide. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Gill, P., Horgan, J., & Deckert, P. (2013). Bombing alone: Tracing the motivations and antecedent behaviors of lone-actor terrorists. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 59(2), 425-435.

Gilligan, J. (1996). Violence: Our deadly epidemic and its causes. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.

Hempel, A., Meloy, J. R., & Richards, T. (1999). Offender and offense characteristics of a nonrandom sample of mass murderers. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 27, 213-225.

James, D. V., Mullen, P. E., Meloy, J. R., Pathé, M. T., Farnham, F. R., Preston, L., & Darnley, B. (2007). The role of mental disorder in attacks on European politicians 1990–2004. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 116(5), 334-344.

James, D. V., Mullen, P. E., Pathé, M. T., Meloy, J. R., Preston, L. F., Darnley, B., & Farnham, F. R. (2009). Stalkers and harassers of royalty: The role of mental illness and motivation. Psychological Medicine, 39(09), 1479-1490.

Katz, J. (2008). Seductions of crime: Moral and sensual attractions in doing evil. New York, NY: Basic Books.

Kesic, D., & Thomas, S. D. (2014). Do prior histories of violence and mental disorders impact on violent behaviour during encounters with police? International Journal of Law & Psychiatry, 37(4), 409-414.

Kernberg, O. (2009). The concept of the death drive: A clinical perspective. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 90,1009–1023.

Knoll, J. L. (2012). Mass murder: Causes, classification, and prevention. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 35(4), 757-780.

Kosal, M. E. (2006). Terrorism targeting industrial chemical facilities: Strategic motivations and the implications for U.S. security. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 29(7), 719-751.

LeBlanc, M. M., & Barling, J. (2005). Understanding the many faces of workplace violence. In S. Fox & P. E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets (pp. 44). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Littman, R., & Paluck, E. L. (2015). The cycle of violence: Understanding individual participation in collective violence. Political Psychology, 36(S1), 79-99.

Macdonald, J. M. (1968). Homicidal threats. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

Meloy, J. R. (2004). Indirect personality assessment of the violent true believer. Journal of Personality Assessment, 82, 138-146.

Meloy, J. R. (2006). Empirical basis and forensic application of affective and predatory violence. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40(6-7), 539-547.

Meloy, J. R., & Gill, P. (2016). The lone-actor terrorist and the TRAP-18. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management, 3(1), 37.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Miller, L. (2014). Serial killers: I. Subtypes, patterns, and motives. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(1), 1-11.

Mohandie, K., Hatcher, C., & Raymond, D. (1998). False victimization syndromes in stalking. In J. R. Meloy (Ed.), The psychology of stalking: Clinical and forensic perspectives (pp. 227-256). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Mullen, P. E. (2004). The autogenic (self-generated) massacre. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 311-323.

Myers, W. C., Husted, D. S., Safarik, M. E., & O’Toole, M. E. (2006). The motivation behind serial sexual homicide: Is it sex, power, and control, or anger? Journal of Forensic Sciences, 51(4), 900-907.

Orth, U., Montada, L., & Maercker, A. (2006). Feelings of revenge, retaliation motive, and posttraumatic stress reactions in crime victims. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21(2), 229-243.

Pape, R. (2005). Dying to win: The strategic logic of suicide terrorism. New York, NY: Random House.

Peterson, J. K., Skeem, J., Kennealy, P., Bray, B., & Zvonkovic, A. (2014). How often and how consistently do symptoms directly precede criminal behavior among offenders with mental illness? Law and Human Behavior, 38(5), 439.

Piquero, A. R., MacDonald, J., Dobrin, A., Daigle, L. E., & Cullen, F. T. (2005). Self-control, violent offending, and homicide victimization: Assessing the general theory of crime. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 21(1), 55-71.

Potegal, M. (2006). Human cruelty is rooted in the reinforcing effects of intraspecific aggression that subserves dominance motivation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29(03), 236-237.

Putkonen, H., Weizmann‐Henelius, G., Lindberg, N., Rovamo, T., & Häkkänen, H. (2008). Changes over time in homicides by women: A register‐based study comparing female offenders from 1982 to 1992 and 1993 to 2005. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 18(5), 268-278.

Rogers, M. B., Loewenthal, K. M., Lewis, C. A., Amlôt, R., Cinnirella, M., & Ansari, H. (2007). The role of religious fundamentalism in terrorist violence: A social psychological analysis. International Review of Psychiatry, 19(3), 253-262.

Schlesinger, L. B. (2007). Sexual homicide: Differentiating catathymic and compulsive murders. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12(2), 242-256.

Shackelford, T. K., Goetz, A. T., Buss, D. M., Euler, H. A., & Hoier, S. (2005). When we hurt the ones we love: Predicting violence against women from men’s mate retention. Personal Relationships, 12(4), 447-463.

Velotti, P., Elison, J., & Garofalo, C. (2014). Shame and aggression: Different trajectories and implications. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(4), 454-461.

Weide, S., & Abbott, G. E. (1994). Murder at work: Managing the crisis. Employment Relations Today, 21(2), 139-151.

Yang, M., Wong, S. C., & Coid, J. (2010). The efficacy of violence prediction: A meta-analytic comparison of nine risk assessment tools. Psychological Bulletin, 136(5), 740.

Item 2: Homicidal Fantasies, Violent Preoccupations or Identifications

Barber, L., Maltby, J., & Macaskill, A. (2005). Angry memories and thoughts of revenge: The relationship between forgiveness and anger rumination. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 253-262.

Borgeson, K., & Kuehnle, K. (2010). Serial offenders: Theory and practice. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Borum, R., Fein, R., Vossekuil, B., & Berglund, J. (1999). Threat assessment: Defining an approach for evaluating risk of targeted violence. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 17, 323-337.

Borum, R., & Reddy, M. (2001). Assessing violence risk in Tarasoff situations: A fact-based model of inquiry. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 19, 375-385.

Bruns, D., Fishbain, D. A., Disorbio, J., & Lewis, J. E. (2010). What variables are associated with an expressed wish to kill a doctor in community and injured patient samples? Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 17(2), 87-97.

Buss, D. M. (2006). The murderer next door: Why the mind is designed to kill. New York, NY: Penguin.

Campbell, J. C., Messing, J. T., Kub, J., Agnew, J., Fitzgerald, S., Fowler, B., & Bolyard, R. (2011). Workplace violence: Prevalence and risk factors in the safe at work study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(1), 82-89.

Declercq, F., & Audenaert, K. (2011). Predatory violence aiming at relief in a case of mass murder: Meloy’s criteria for applied forensic practice. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 29(4), 578-591.

Durrant, R. (2009). Born to kill? A critical evaluation of homicide adaptation theory. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14(5), 374-381.

Egan, V., & Campbell, V. (2009). Sensational interests, sustaining fantasies and personality predict physical aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 464–469.

Ellison, G. (2012). Fantasy as addition to reality? An exploration of fantasy aggression and fantasy aggression in violent media. Pastoral Psychology, 61(4), 513-530.

Gellerman, D. M., & Suddath, R. (2005). Violent fantasy, dangerousness, and the duty to warn and protect. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 33(4), 484-495

Hempel, A., Meloy, J. R., & Richards, T. (1999). Offender and offense characteristics of a nonrandom sample of mass murderers. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 27, 213-225.

Hickey, Eric W. 2010. Serial murderers and their victims (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Hickey, E. W., & Harris, B. R. (2013). Serial killing. Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences, 197-201. Waltham, MA: Academic Press

Junginger, J. (2006). “Stereotypic” delusional offending. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 24(3), 295-311.

Kalish, R., & Kimmel, M. (2010). Suicide by mass murder: Masculinity, aggrieved entitlement, and rampage school shootings. Health Sociology Review, 19(4), 451-464.

Knoll, J. L. (2010). The “pseudocommando” mass murderer: Part I, the psychology of revenge and obliteration. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 38(1), 87-94.

Lim, S., Seligson, A. L., Parvez, F. M., Luther, C. W., Mavinkurve, M. P., Binswanger, I. A., & Kerker, B. D. (2012). Risks of drug-related death, suicide, and homicide during the immediate post-release period among people released from New York City jails, 2001–2005. American Journal of Epidemiology, 175(6), 519-526.

Lindberg, N., Oksanen, A., Sailas, E., & Kaltiala-Heino, R. (2012). Adolescents expressing school massacre threats online: Something to be extremely worried about? Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 6(1), 1-8.

Macdonald, J. M. (1968). Homicidal threats. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

Meloy, J. R. (2000). Violence risk and threat assessment: A practical guide for mental health and criminal justice professionals. San Diego, CA: Specialized Training Services.

Meloy, J. R., & Mohandie, K. (2001). Investigating the role of screen violence in specific homicide cases. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 46, 1113-1118.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Mullen, P. E. (2004). The autogenic (self-generated) massacre. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 311-323.

Mullen, P. E., James, D. V., Meloy, J. R., Pathé, M. T., Farnham, F. R., Preston, L., & Berman, J. (2009). The fixated and the pursuit of public figures. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 20(1), 33-47.

Murray, J. L. (2015). Suicidal–homicidal ideation in mass killers and transcendence. Deviant Behavior, 36(7), 581-588.

Person, E. (1995). By force of fantasy. New York, NY: Basic Book

Revitch, E., & Schlesinger, L. (1981). The psychopathology of homicide. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

Selby, E. A., Anestis, M. D., & Joiner, T.E. (2007). Daydreaming about death: Violent daydreaming as a form of emotion dysregulation in suicidality. Journal of Behavioral Modification 31, 867–879.

Schlesinger, L. B. (1996). The catathymic crisis, 1912-present: A review and clinical study. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 1, 307-316.

Schlesinger, L. B. (2007). Psychopathology of homicide. In A. Goldstein, (Eds.), Forensic psychology: Emerging topics and expanding roles (pp. 708-733). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

Schlesinger, L., & Mesa, B. (2008). Homicidal celebrity stalkers: Dangerous obsessions with nonpolitical public figures. In J. Meloy, L. Sheridan & J. Hoffmann (Eds.), Stalking, threatening, and attacking public figures: A psychological and behavioral analysis (pp. 83-104). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Smith, C. E. (2009). Toward a refined view of aggressive fantasy as a risk factor for aggression: Interaction effects involving cognitive and situational variables. Aggressive Behavior, 35, 313–323.

Spector, P. E., Fox, S., & Domagalski, T. (2006). Emotions, violence and counterproductive work behavior. In E. K. Kelloway, J. Barling & J. J. Hurrell (Eds.), Handbook of Workplace Violence (pp. 29-48). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Item 3: Threatening Communications or Expressed Intent

Adams, S. H., & Jarvis, J. P. (2007). Indicators of veracity and deception: An analysis of written statements made to police. International Journal of Speech Language and the Law, 13(1), 2-22.

Adams, S. J., Hazelwood, T. E., Pitre, N. L., Bedard, T. E., & Landry, S. D. (2009). Harassment of members of parliament and the legislative assemblies in Canada by individuals believed to be mentally disordered. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 20(6), 801-814.

Allen, M. T., Angie, A. D., Davis, J. L., Byrne, C. L., O’Hair, H. D., Connelly, S., & Mumford, M. D. (2009). Virtual risk: The role of new media in violent and nonviolent ideological groups. Handbook of Risk and Crisis Communication, 446-470.

Armstrong, E. A., Hamilton, L., & Sweeney, B. (2006). Sexual assault on campus: A multilevel, integrative approach to party rape. Social Problems, 53(4), 483-499.

Boyce, N. (2011). The UK’s fix for fixated threats. The Lancet, 377, 367–368.

Berke, J. (2012). Why I hate you and you hate me: The interplay of envy, greed, jealousy, and narcissism in everyday life. London: Karnac Books.

Bies, R. J., & Tripp, T. M. (2005). The study of revenge in the workplace: Conceptual, ideological, and empirical issues. In S. Fox & P. E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets (pp. 65–81). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Boksenbaum, A. (2005). Shedding your soul at the schoolhouse gate: The chilling of student artistic speech in the post-columbine era. NY City L. Rev., 8, 123.

Borum, R., Fein, R., Vossekuil, B., & Berglund, J. (1999). Threat assessment: Defining an approach for evaluating risk of targeted violence. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 17, 323-337.

Borum, R., & Reddy, M. (2001). Assessing violence risk in Tarasoff situations: A fact-based model of inquiry. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 19, 375-385.

Calhoun, F. S., (1998). Hunters and howlers: Threats and violence against federal judicial officials in the United States, 1789-1993. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Marshall’s Service.

Campbell, J. C., Glass, N. E., Sharps, P. W., Laughon, K., & Bloom, T. (2007). Intimate partner homicide: Review and implications for research and policy. Violence, Trauma & Abuse, 8, 246–269.

Cohen, K., Johansson, F., Kaati, L., & Mork, J. C. (2014). Detecting linguistic markers for radical violence in social media. Terrorism and Political Violence, 26(1), 246-256.

Cornell, D. G., & Sheras, P. L. (2006). Guidelines for responding to student threats of violence. Sopris West Educational Services.

Coverdale, J. H., Coverdale, S. M., & Nairn, R. (2013). “Behind the mug shot grin” uses of madness-talk in reports of Loughner’s mass killing. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 37(3), 200-216.

Dixon, L., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C., & Browne, K. (2008). Classifying partner femicide. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23, 74–93.

Chung, C. K., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2011). Using computerized text analysis to assess threatening communications and behavior. Threatening Communications and Behavior: Perspectives on the Pursuit of Public Figures, 3-32.

Douglas, K., & Skeem, J. (2005). Violence risk assessment: Getting specific about being dynamic. Psychology, Public Policy and Law, 11, 347–383

Echeburua, E., Fernandez-Montalvo, J., de Corral, P., & Lopez-Goni, J. (2009). Assessing risk markers in intimate partner femicide and severe violence: A new assessment tool. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24, 925–939.

Fein, R., & Vossekuil, B. (1999). Assassination in the United States: An operational study of recent assassins, attackers, and near-lethal approachers. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 44, 321-333.

Folger, R., & Skarlicki, D. P. (2005). Beyond counterproductive work behavior: Moral emotions and deontic retaliation vs. reconciliation. In S. Fox & P. E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets (pp. 83-105). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Fitzgerald, J. R. (2007). FBI’s communicated threat assessment database: History, design, and implementation. FBI: Law Enforcement Bulletin, 76(2), 6-9.

Gales, T. (2010). Ideologies of violence: A corpus and discourse analytic approach to stance in threatening communications. International Journal of Speech Language and the Law, 17(2), 299-302.

Hart, S. D. (1998). The role of psychopathy in assessing risk for violence: Conceptual and methodological issues. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 3, 121-137.

Heilbrun, K., Dvoskin, J., Hart, S., & McNiel, D. (1999). Violence risk communication: Implications for research, policy, and practice. Health, Risk & Society, 1(1), 91-105.

Hempel, A., Meloy, J. R., & Richards, T. (1999). Offender and offense characteristics of a nonrandom sample of mass murderers. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 27, 213-225.

Hollister, B. A., & Scalora, M. J. (2015). Broadening campus threat assessment beyond mass shootings. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 25, 43-53.

Knoll, J. (2010a). The “pseudocommando” mass murderer: Part I, the psychology of revenge and obliteration. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 38, 87–94.

Knoll, J. L. (2010b). The “pseudocommando” mass murderer: Part II, the language of revenge. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 38(2), 263-272.

Kolek, E. A., & Saunders, D. (2008). Online disclosure: An empirical examination of undergraduate Facebook profiles. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 45(1), 1-25.

Lindgren, S. (2011). YouTube gunmen? Mapping participatory media discourse on school shooting videos. Media, Culture & Society, 33(1), 123-136.

Macdonald, J. M. (1968). Homicidal threats. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

McFarlane, J., Campbell, J. C., & Watson, K. (2002). Intimate partner stalking and femicide: Urgent implications for women’s safety. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 20, 51-68.

McNiel, D. E. (1998). Empirically based clinical evaluation and management of the potentially violent patient. In P. M. Kleespies (Ed.), Emergencies in mental health practice: Evaluation and management (pp. 95-116). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Meloy, J. R. (2001). Communicated threats and violence toward public and private targets: Discerning differences among those who stalk and attack. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 46, 1211-1213.

Meloy, J. R. (2002). Stalking and violence. In J. Boon & L. Sheridan (Eds.), Stalking and psychosexual obsession: Psychological perspectives for prevention, policing and treatment (pp. 103-124). West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons.

Meloy, J. R. (2014). Approaching and attacking public figures: A contemporary analysis of communications and behavior. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management, 1(4), 243.

Meloy, J. R., Mohandie, K., Knoll, J. L., & Hoffmann, J. (2015). The concept of identification in threat assessment. Behavioral Sciences & the Law.

Meloy, J. R., & O’Toole, M. E. (2011). The concept of leakage in threat assessment. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 29(4), 513-527.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Morreale, S. P., Spitzberg, B. H., & Barge, J. K. (2007). Human communication: Motivation, knowledge, and skills. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning.

Morewitz, S. J. (2008). Death threats and violence: New research and clinical perspectives. San Francisco, CA: Springer Science & Business Media.

Mullen, P. E., Pathe, M., & Purcell, R. (2000). Stalkers and their victims. London, England: Cambridge University Press.

Murray, J. L. (2014). The mass killer’s search for validation through infamy, media attention, and transcendence. The Death and Resurrection of Deviance: Current Ideas and Research, 235-251.

O’Hair, D. (2008). Terrorism: Communication and rhetorical perspectives. New York, NY: Hampton Press.

Pennebaker, J. W. (2011). Using computer analyses to identify language style and aggressive intent: The secret life of function words. Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 4(2), 92-102.

Preti, A. (2008). School shooting as a culturally enforced way of expressing suicidal hostile intentions. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 36(4), 544-550.

Schoeneman, K. A., Scalora, M. J., Darrow, C. D., McLawsen, J. E., Chang, G. H., & Zimmerman, W. J. (2011). Written content indicators of problematic approach behavior toward political officials. Behavioral Sciences & The Law, 29(2), 284-301.

Schoeneman‐Morris, K. A., Scalora, M. J., Chang, G. H., Zimmerman, W. J., & Garner, Y. (2007). A comparison of email versus letter threat contacts toward members of the United States Congress. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 52(5), 1142-1147.

Sanﬁlippo, A., McGrath, L., & Bell, E. (2014). Computer modeling of violent intent: A content analysis approach. In J. R. Meloy, J. Hoffmann (Eds.), International handbook of threat assessment (pp. 224–235). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Sattler, D. N., Larpenteur, K., & Shipley, G. (2011). Active shooter on campus: Evaluating text and e-mail warning message effectiveness. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 8(1)

Smith, S. (2008). From violent words to violent deeds: Assessing risk from FBI threatening communication cases. In J. Meloy, L. Sheridan & J. Hoffmann (Eds.), Stalking, threatening, and attacking public figures: A psychological and behavioral analysis (pp. 435-455). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Smith, A. G., Suedfeld, P., Conway III, L. G., & Winter, D. G. (2008). The language of violence: Distinguishing terrorist from nonterrorist groups by thematic content analysis. Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 1(2), 142-163.

Tripp, T. M., & Bies, R. J. (2010). “Righteous” anger and revenge in the workplace: The fantasies, the feuds, the forgiveness. In J. R. Meloy & J. Hoffmann (Eds.), International handbook of threat assessment (pp. 413-431). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Tufekci, Z. (2008). Can you see me now? Audience and disclosure regulation in online social network sites. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 28(1), 20-36.

Van der Meer, B. B., Bootsma, L., & Meloy, R. (2012). Disturbing communications and problematic approaches to the Dutch Royal Family. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 23(5-6), 571-589.

Wang, X., Gerber, M. S., & Brown, D. E. (2012). Automatic crime prediction using events extracted from twitter posts. In Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling and Prediction, 231-238. Berlin, Germany: Springer.

Item 4: Weapons Skill and/or Access

Ajdacic-Gross, V., Killias, M., Hepp, U., Gadola, E., Bopp, M., Lauber, C., & Rössler, W. (2006). Changing times: A longitudinal analysis of international firearm suicide data. American Journal of Public Health, 96(10), 1752.

Appelbaum P & and Swanson JW (2010). Gun laws and mental illness: How sensible are the current restrictions? Psychiatric Services, 61, 652-654.

Barber, C. W., Azrael, D., Hemenway, D., Olson, L. M., Nie, C., Schaechter, J., & Walsh, S. (2008). Suicides and suicide attempts following homicide victim–suspect relationship, weapon type, and presence of antidepressants. Homicide Studies, 12(3), 285-297.

Borum, R., Fein, R., Vossekuil, B., & Berglund, J. (1999). Threat assessment: Defining an approach for evaluating risk of targeted violence. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 17, 323-337.

Bouffard, J. A., Nobles, M. R., Wells, W., & Cavanaugh, M. R. (2012). How many more guns? Estimating the effect of allowing licensed concealed handguns on a college campus. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(2), 316-343.

Brennan, I. R., & Moore, S. C. (2009). Weapons and violence: A review of theory and research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14(3), 215-225.

Ceniceros, R. (2012). Guns play big role in work violence. Business Insurance, 46(6), 8.

Dietz, P. (1987). Patterns in human violence. In R. E. Hales & A. J. Frances (Eds.), American psychiatric association annual review, Vol. 6 (pp. 465-490). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

Douglas, J., Burgess, A. W., Burgess, A. G., & Ressler, R. (1992). Crime classification manual. New York, NY: Lexington Books.

Grossman, D. (1995). On killing. Boston, MA: Little Brown & Co.

Hempel, A., Meloy, J. R., & Richards, T. (1999). Offender and offense characteristics of a nonrandom sample of mass murderers. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 27, 213-225.

Ilgen, M. A., Zivin, K., McCammon, R. J., & Valenstein, M. (2008). Mental illness, previous suicidality, and access to guns in the United States. Psychiatric Services, 59(2), 198-200.

Loomis, D., Marshall, S. W., & Ta, M. L. (2005). Employer policies toward guns and the risk of homicide in the workplace. American Journal of Public Health, 95(5), 830-832.

Kposowa, A. J. (2013). Association of suicide rates, gun ownership, conservatism, and individual suicide risk. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48(9), 1467-1479.

Knoll, J. L. (2010). The “pseudocommando” mass murderer: Part I, the psychology of revenge and obliteration. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 38(1), 87-94.

Menninger, W. W. (2007). Uncontained rage: A psychoanalytic perspective on violence. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 71(2), 115.

Macdonald, J. M. (1968). Homicidal threats. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

MacDonald, J. M. (1977). Bombers and firesetters. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

Meloy, J. R. (2000). Violence risk and threat assessment: A practical guide for mental health and criminal justice professionals. San Diego, CA: Specialized Training Services.

Meloy, J. R., & McEllistrem, J. (1998). Bombing and psychopathy: An integrative review. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 43, 556-562.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Miller, M., Barber, C., Azrael, D., Hemenway, D., & Molnar, B. E. (2009). Recent psychopathology, suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts in households with and without firearms: Findings from the National Comorbidity Study Replication. Injury Prevention, 15(3), 183-187.

Miller, M., & Hemenway, D. (2008). Guns and suicide in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 359(10), 989-991.

Monahan, J. (1981). The clinical prediction of violent behavior. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.

Monahan, J., Steadman, H. J., Silver, E., Appelbaum, P. S., Robbins, P. C., Mulvey, E. P., et al[SW6] . (2001). Rethinking risk assessment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Pinholt, E. M., Mitchell, J. D., Butler, J. H., & Kumar, H. (2014). ‘Is there a gun in the home?’ Assessing the risks of gun ownership in older adults. Journal of The American Geriatrics Society, 62(6).

Price, J., Mrdjenovich, A. J., Thompson, A., & Dake, J. A. (2009). College counselors’ perceptions and practices regarding anticipatory guidance on firearms. Journal of American College Health, 58(2), 133-139.

Rosenberg, J. (2014). Mass shootings and mental health policy. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 41(1), 107-121

Sapp, A., Huff, T., Kelm, K., & Tunkel, R. (2001). Behavior and characteristics of bomb related offenders. Quantico, VA: National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime, FBI Academy.

Seave, P. L. (2006). Disarming batterers through restraining orders the promise and the reality in California. Evaluation Review, 30(3), 245-265.

Siebel, B. J. (2007). Case against guns on campus. Geo. Mason UCRLJ, 18, 319.

Simon, R. I. (2007). Gun safety management with patients at risk for suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 37(5), 518-526.

Swanson, J. W., McGinty, E. E., Fazel, S., & Mays, V. M. (2015). Mental illness and reduction of gun violence and suicide: Bringing epidemiologic research to policy. Annals of Epidemiology, 25(5), 366-376.

Swanson, J. W., Sampson, N. A., Petukhova, M. V., Zaslavsky, A. M., Appelbaum, P. S., Swartz, M. S., & Kessler, R. C. (2015). Guns, impulsive angry behavior, and mental disorders: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication (NCS‐R). Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 33(2-3), 199-212.

Tanne, J. H. (2005). US workers who carry guns are more likely to be killed on the job. British Medical Journal (International Edition), 330(7499), 1043.

Teeple, K., Thompson, A., & Price, J. (2012). Armed campuses: The current status of concealed guns on college campuses. Health Education Monograph Series, 29(2), 57-64.

Thompson, A., Price, J. H., Mrdjenovich, A. J., & Khubchandani, J. (2009). Reducing firearm-related violence on college campuses—police chiefs’ perceptions and practices. Journal of American College Health, 58(3), 247-254.

Tonso, K. (2006). Not getting some guns and doing some damage: Listening to teens and learning from a ragtime festival. Educational Studies, 39(2), 102-123.

Webster, D. W., Frattaroli, S., Vernick, J. S., O’Sullivan, C., Roehl, J., & Campbell, J. C. (2010). Women with protective orders report failure to remove firearms from their abusive partners: Results from an exploratory study. Journal of Women’s Health, 19(1), 93-98.

Item 5: Pre-Attack Planning and Preparation

Babcock, J. C., Tharp, A. L., Sharp, C., Heppner, W., & Stanford, M. S. (2014). Similarities and differences in impulsive/premeditated and reactive/proactive bimodal classifications of aggression. Aggression & Violent Behavior, 19(3), 251-262.

Behera, C., Rautji, R., & Dogra, T. (2009). Appointed bullet–a premeditated murder followed by suicide: A case report. Medicine, Science & The Law, 49(1), 69-71.

Borum, R., Fein, R., Vossekuil, B., & Berglund, J. (1999). Threat assessment: Defining an approach for evaluating risk of targeted violence. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 17, 323-337.

Borum, R., & Reddy, M. (2001). Assessing violence risk in Tarasoff situations: A fact-based model of inquiry. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 19, 375-385.

Collins, R. (2014). Micro-sociology of mass rampage killings. Revue de Synthèse, 135(4), 405-420.

Douglas, J., Burgess, A. W., Burgess, A. G., [SW7] & Ressler, R. (1992). Crime classification manual. New York, NY: Lexington Books.

Dutton, D. G., White, K. R., & Fogarty, D. (2013). Paranoid thinking in mass shooters. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(5), 548-553.

Fein, R., & Vossekuil, B. (1999). Assassination in the United States: An operational study of recent assassins, attackers, and near-lethal approaches. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 44, 321-333.

Flynn, C., & Heitzmann, D. (2008). Tragedy at Virginia Tech: Trauma and its aftermath. The Counseling Psychologist, 36, 479–489.

Fox, J. A., & Levin, J. (2013). Overkill: Mass murder and serial killing exposed. New York, NY: Springer.

Fox, J. A., & Levin, J. (2014). Extreme killing: Understanding serial and mass murder. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Hanlon, R. E., Brook, M., Stratton, J., Jensen, M., & Rubin, L. H. (2013). Neuropsychological and intellectual differences between types of murderers: Affective/impulsive versus predatory/ instrumental (premeditated) homicide. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 40(8), 933-948.

Hart, S. D., & Logan, C. (2011). Formulation of violence risk using evidence-based assessments: The structured professional judgment approach. Forensic Case Formulation, 83-106.

Hartl, T. L., Rosen, C., Drescher, K., Lee, T. T., & Gusman, F. (2005). Predicting high-risk behaviors in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193(7), 464-472.

Hempel, A., Meloy, J. R., & Richards, T. (1999). Offender and offense characteristics of a nonrandom sample of mass murderers. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 27, 213-225.

Heilbrun K., Dvoskin J., Heilbrun A. (2009). Toward preventing future tragedies: Mass killings on college campuses, public health, and threat/risk assessment. Psychological Injury and Law, 2, 93–99.

Hollister, B. A., & Scalora, M. J. (2015). Broadening campus threat assessment beyond mass shootings. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 25, 43-53.

Kerr, K. (2010). Workplace violence: Planning for prevention and response. Butterworth-Heinemann

Kroner, D. G., Mills, J. F., & Reddon, J. R. (2005). A coffee can, factor analysis, and prediction of antisocial behavior: The structure of criminal risk. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 28(4), 360-374.

Lankford, A. (2015). Mass shooters in the USA, 1966–2010: Differences between attackers who live and die. Justice Quarterly, 32(2), 360-379.

Littleton, H., Axsom, D., & Grills-Taquechel, A. E. (2011). Longitudinal evaluation of the relationship between maladaptive trauma coping and distress: Examination following the mass shooting at Virginia Tech. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 24(3), 273-290.

Macdonald, J. M. (1968). Homicidal threats. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

Meloy, J. R. (1997). Predatory violence during mass murder. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 42, 326-329.

Meloy, J. R. (1999). Erotomania, triangulation, and homicide. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 44, 421-424.

Meloy, J. R. (2006). The empirical basis and forensic application of affective and predatory violence. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 539-547.

Meloy, J. R., Hempel, A. G., Mohandie, K., & Shiva, A. (2001). The violent true believer: Homicidal and suicidal states of mind. Journal of Threat Assessment, 1, 1-10.

Meloy, J. R., James, D., Farnham, F., Darnley, B., Pathe, M., Mullen, P., et al. (2004). A research review of public figure threats, approaches, attacks, and assassinations in the United States. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 49, 1086-1093.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Monahan, J. (1986). Dangerous and violent behavior. In O. B. Dickerson & A. J. Kaminer (Eds.), Occupational medicine: The troubled employee (pp. 559-568). Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus.

Mullen, P. E. (2004). The autogenic (self-generated) massacre. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 311-323.

Newman, K. S. (2007). Before the rampage: What can be done? The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/article/Before-the-Rampage-What-Can/15019/

Robertz, F. J. (2007). Deadly dreams. Scientific American Mind, 18(4), 52-59.

Sanﬁlippo, A., McGrath, L., & Bell, E. (2014). Computer modeling of violent intent: A content analysis approach. In J. R. Meloy & J. Hoffmann (Eds.), International handbook of threat assessment (pp. 224-235). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Stanford, M. S., Houston, R. J., & Baldridge, R. M. (2008). Comparison of impulsive and premeditated perpetrators of intimate partner violence. Behavioral Sciences & The Law, 26(6), 709.

Storey, T. (2013). Loss of control: The qualifying triggers, self-induced loss of self-control and ‘Cumulative Impact’. Journal of Criminal Law, 77(3), 189-194.

Swogger, M. T., Walsh, Z., Christie, M., Priddy, B. M., & Conner, K. R. (2015). Impulsive versus premeditated aggression in the prediction of violent criminal recidivism. Aggressive Behavior, 41(4), 346-352.

Warren, L. J., Mullen, P. E., & Ogloff, J. R. (2011). A clinical study of those who utter threats to kill. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 29(2), 141-154.

Warren, L. J., MacKenzie, R., Mullen, P. E., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2005). The problem behavior model: The development of a stalkers clinic and a threateners clinic. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 23, 387–397.

Warren, L. J., Mullen, P. E., Thomas, S. D. M., Ogloff, J. R. P., & Burgess, P. M. (2008). Threats to kill: A follow-up study. Psychological Medicine, 38, 599–605.

Item 6: Stalking or Menacing Behavior

Alexy, E. M., Burgess, A. W., Baker, T., & Smoyak, S. A. (2005). Perceptions of cyberstalking among college students. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention,5(3), 279.

Baum, K. (2011). Stalking victimization in the United States. Washington, DC: DIANE Publishing.

Biesterfeld, J., & Meloy, J. R. (2008). The public figure assassin as terrorist. In J. Meloy, L. Sheridan & J. Hoffmann (Eds.), Stalking, threatening, and attacking public figures: A psychological and behavioral analysis (pp. 143-162). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Dressing, H., Kuehner, C., & Gass, P. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and impact of stalking in a European population: Epidemiological data from a middle-sized German city. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 187(2), 168-172.

Harmon, R., Rosner, R., & Owens, H. (1995). Obsessional harassment and erotomania in a criminal court population. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 40, 188-196.

Hoffmann, J. (2009). Public figures and stalking in the European context. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 15(3), 293-305.

Hoffmann, J., Meloy, J. R., Guldimann, A., & Ermer, A. (2011). Attacks on German public figures, 1968–2004: Warning behaviors, potentially lethal and non‐lethal acts, psychiatric status, and motivations. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 29(2), 155-179.

Hoffmann, J., & Meloy, J. R. (2008). Contributions from attachment theory and psychoanalysis to advance understanding of public figure stalking and attacking. In J. Meloy, L. Sheridan & J. Hoffmann (Eds.), Stalking, threatening, and attacking public figures: A psychological and behavioral analysis (pp. 165-194). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Hoffmann, J., & Sheridan, L. (2008a). Celebrities as victims of stalking. In J. Meloy, L. Sheridan & J. Hoffmann (Eds.), Stalking, threatening, and attacking public figures: A psychological and behavioral analysis (pp. 195-213). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Hoffmann, J., & Sheridan, L. (2008b). Stalking, threatening and attacking corporate figures. In J. Meloy, L. Sheridan & J. Hoffmann (Eds.), Stalking, threatening, and attacking public figures: A psychological and behavioral analysis (pp. 123-142). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Kienlen, K. K., Birmingham, D. L., Solberg, K. B., O’Regan, J. T., & Meloy, J. R. (1997). A comparative study of psychotic and nonpsychotic stalking. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 25, 317-334.

James, D. V., McEwan, T. E., MacKenzie, R. D., Meloy, J. R., Mullen, P. E., Pathe, M. T., & Darnley, B. J. (2010). Persistence in stalking: A comparison of associations in general forensic and public figure samples. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 21(2), 283-305.

James, D. V., Mullen, P. E., Meloy, J. R., Pathé, M. T., Preston, L., Darnley, B., & Scalora, M. J. (2011). Stalkers and harassers of British royalty: An exploration of proxy behaviours for violence. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 29(1), 64-80.

Knoll, J. L. (2012). Mass murder: Causes, classification, and prevention. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 35(4), 757-780.

Kropp, P. R., Hart, S. D., Lyon, D. R., & Storey, J. E. (2011). The development and validation of the guidelines for stalking assessment and management. Behavioral Sciences & The Law, 29(2), 302-316.

MacKenzie, R. D., James, D. V., McEwan, T. E., Mullen, P. E., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2010). Stalkers and intelligence: Implications for treatment. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 21(6), 852-872.

MacKenzie, R. D., McEwan, T. E., Pathé, M. T., James, D. V., Ogloff, J. R. P., & Mullen, P. E. (2009). Stalking risk profile: Guidelines for assessing and managing stalkers. Melbourne, Australia: StalkInc. & Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Monash University.

Marquez, A., & Scalora, M. J. (2011). Problematic approach of legislators differentiating stalking from isolated incidents. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38(11), 1115-1126.

McFarlane, J., Campbell, J. C., & Watson, K. (2002). Intimate partner stalking and femicide: Urgent implications for women’s safety. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 20, 51-68.

McEwan, T. E., Pathé, M., & Ogloff, J. R. (2011). Advances in stalking risk assessment. Behavioral Sciences & The Law, 29(2), 180-201.

McEwan, T., Mullen, P. E., & Purcell, R. (2007). Identifying risk factors in stalking: A review of current research. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 30(1), 1-9.

McEwan, T. E., Mullen, P. E., & MacKenzie, R. (2009). A study of the predictors of persistence in stalking situations. Law and Human Behavior, 33(2), 149.

McEwan, T. E., Mullen, P. E., MacKenzie, R. D., & Ogloff, J. R. (2009). Violence in stalking situations. Psychological Medicine, 39(09), 1469-1478.

Meloy, J. R. (Ed.). (1998). The psychology of stalking: Clinical and forensic perspectives. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Meloy, J. R. (1999). Erotomania, triangulation, and homicide. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 44, 421-424.

Meloy, J. R. (2000). Violence risk and threat assessment: A practical guide for mental health and criminal justice professionals. San Diego, CA: Specialized Training Services.

Meloy, J. R. (2002). Stalking and violence. In J Boon & L Sheridan (Eds.), Stalking and psychosexual obsession: Psychological perspectives for prevention, policing and treatment (pp. 103-124). West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons.

Meloy, J. R. (2006). The scientific pursuit of stalking. San Diego, CA: Specialized Training Services.

Meloy, J. R. (2007). Stalking: The state of the science. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 17(1), 1-7.

Meloy, J. R. (2014). Approaching and attacking public figures: A contemporary analysis of communications and behavior. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management, 1(4), 243.

Meloy, J. R., & Boyd, C. (2003). Female stalkers and their victims. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 31, 211-219.

Meloy, J. R., Davis, B., & Lovette, J. (2001). Risk factors for violence among stalkers. Journal of Threat Assessment, 1, 3-16.

Meloy, J. R., & Gothard, S. (1995). Demographic and clinical comparison of obsessional followers and offenders with mental disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry,152, 258-63.

Meloy, J. R., Sheridan, L., & Hoffmann, J. (2008). Stalking, threatening, and attacking public figures: A psychological and behavioral analysis. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Meloy, J. R., James, D. V., Mullen, P. E., Pathe, M. T., Farnham, F. R., Preston, L. F., & Darnley, B. J. (2011). Factors associated with escalation and problematic approaches toward public figures. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 56(s1), S128-S135.

Meloy, J. R., Mohandie, K., & Green, M. (2008). A forensic investigation of those who stalk celebrities. In J. Meloy, L. Sheridan & J. Hoffmann (Eds.), Stalking, threatening, and attacking public figures: A psychological and behavioral analysis (pp. 37-54). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Miethe, T. D., & Regoeczi, W. C. (2016). Its prevalence, correlates, and situational contexts. The Wiley Handbook on the Psychology of Violence, 123.

Mohandie, K., Meloy, J. R., McGowan, M., & Williams, J. (2006). The RECON typology of stalking: Reliability and validity based upon a large sample of North American stalkers. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 51, 147–155.

Morrison, K. A. (2007). A case of stalking in the workplace and subsequent sexual homicide. Journal of Forensic Sciences (Wiley-Blackwell), 52(3), 726-730.

Morrison, K. A. (2008). Differentiating between physically violent and nonviolent stalkers: An examination of Canadian cases. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53(3), 742-751.

Mullen, P. E., James, D. V., Meloy, J. R., Pathé, M. T., Farnham, F. R., Preston, L., & Berman, J. (2009). The fixation and the pursuit of public figures. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 20(1), 33-47.

Mullen, P. E., Pathé, M., & Purcell, R. (2000). Stalkers and their victims. London, England: Cambridge University Press.

Mullen, P.E., Pathe, M., & Purcell, R. (2009). Stalkers and their victims, 2nd ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Mullen, P. E., James, D. V., Meloy, J. R., Pathé, M. T., Farnham, F. R., Preston, L., & Darnley, B. (2008). The role of psychotic illnesses in attacks on public figures. In J. Meloy, L. Sheridan & J. Hoffmann (Eds.), Stalking, threatening, and attacking public figures: A psychological and behavioral analysis (pp. 55-82). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Norris, S. M., Huss, M. T., & Palarea, R. E. (2011). A pattern of violence: Analyzing the relationship between intimate partner violence and stalking. Violence and Victims, 26(1), 103-115.

O’Toole, M. E., Smith, S. S., & Hare, R. D. (2008). Psychopathy and predatory stalking of public figures. In J. Meloy, L. Sheridan & J. Hoffmann (Eds.), Stalking, threatening, and attacking public figures: A psychological and behavioral analysis (pp. 215-243). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Pathé, M. (2002). Surviving stalking. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Pathé, M., & Mullen, P. (1997). The impact of stalkers on their victims. British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 12-17.

Patton, C. L., Nobles, M. R., & Fox, K. A. (2010). Look who’s stalking: Obsessive pursuit and attachment theory. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38(3), 282-290.

Phillips, R. T. M. (2008). Preventing assassination: Psychiatric consultation to the U.S. Secret Service. In J. R. Meloy, L. Sheridan, J. Hoffmann (Eds.), Stalking, threatening, and attacking public figures: A psychological and behavioral analysis (pp. 363–386). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Purcell, R., Pathé, M., & Mullen, P. (2004). When do repeated intrusions become stalking? Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 15, 571-583.

Purcell, R., Powell, M. B., & Mullen, P. E. (2005). Clients who stalk psychologists: Prevalence, methods, and motives. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 36(5), 537-543.

Reavis, J. A., Allen, E. K., & Meloy, J. R. (2008). Psychopathy in a mixed gender sample of adult stalkers. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53(5), 1214-1217.

Roberts, K. A. (2005). Women’s experience of violence during stalking by former romantic partners factors predictive of stalking violence. Violence Against Women, 11(1), 89-114.

Rosenfeld, B., & Lewis, C. (2005). Assessing violence risk in stalking cases: A classification tree approach. Law and Human Behavior, 29, 343-357.

Sandberg, D., McNiel, D., & Binder, R. (2002). Stalking, threatening, and harassing behavior by psychiatric patients toward clinicians. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 30, 221-229.

Schlesinger, L. B. (2006). Celebrity stalking, homicide, and suicide a psychological autopsy. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 50(1), 39-46.

Schlesinger, L., & Mesa, B. (2008). Homicidal celebrity stalkers: Dangerous obsessions with nonpolitical public figures. In J. R. Meloy, L. Sheridan, J. Hoffmann (Eds.), Stalking, threatening, and attacking public figures: A psychological and behavioral analysis (pp. 83-104). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Sheridan, L., & Roberts, K. (2011). Key questions to consider in stalking cases. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 29(2), 255-270.

Sibley, J. B. (2004). The investigation and prosecution of cyberstalking. In Investigation and prosecution of stalking and related crimes (pp. VII-1-VII-19). Sacramento, CA: California District Attorneys Association.

Spitzberg, B. H., & Cupach, W. R. (2007). The state of the art of stalking: Taking stock of the emerging literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12(1), 64-86.

Spitzberg, B. H., & Cupach, W. R. (2014). The dark side of relationship pursuit: From attraction to obsession and stalking. New York, NY: Routledge

Storey, J. E., Hart, S. D., Meloy, J. R., & Reavis, J. A. (2009). Psychopathy and stalking. Law and Human Behavior, 33(3), 237.

Storey, J. E., & Hart, S. D. (2011). How do police respond to stalking? An examination of the risk management strategies and tactics used in a specialized anti-stalking law enforcement unit. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 26(2), 128-142.

Strand, S., & McEwan, T. E. (2011). Same‐gender stalking in Sweden and Australia. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 29(2), 202-219.

Strand, S., & McEwan, T. E. (2012). Violence among female stalkers. Psychological Medicine, 42(03), 545-555.

Thomas, S. D., Purcell, R., Pathe, M., & Mullen, P. E. (2008). Harm associated with stalking victimization. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42(9), 800-806.

Warren, L. J., MacKenzie, R., Mullen, P. E., & Ogloff, J. R. (2005). The problem behavior model: The development of a stalkers clinic and a threateners clinic. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 23(3), 387-397.

Wondrak, I., & Hoffmann, J. (2007). A Personal Obsession. Scientific American Mind, 18(2), 76-81.

Item 7: Current Job or Academic Problems

Amiot, C. E., Terry, D. J., Jimmieson, N. L., & Callan, V. J. (2006). A longitudinal investigation of coping processes during a merger: Implications for job satisfaction and organizational identification. Journal of Management, 32(4), 552-574.

Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59(1), 20-28.

Brough, P., & Williams, J. (2007). Managing occupational stress in a high-risk industry measuring the job demands of correctional officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(4), 555-567.

Budd, J. W., Arvey, R. D., & Lawless, P. (1996). Correlates and consequences of workplace violence. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1, 197-210.

Burgess, A. W., Burgess, A. G., & Douglas, J. (1994). Examining violence in the workplace. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 32, 14.

Catalano, R., Dooley, D., Novaco, R. W., Wilson, G., & Hough, R. (1993). Using ECA survey data to examine the effect of job layoffs on violent behavior. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 44(9), 874-879.

Cooper, L. (2007). The problem of workplace bullying. Psychologist, 20(5), 284.

Choi, E. S., Jung, H. S., Kim, S. H., & Park, H. (2010). The influence of workplace violence on work-related anxiety and depression experience among Korean employees. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 40(5), 650-661.

Deisinger, G., Randazzo, M., O’Neill, D., & Savage, J. (2008). The handbook for campus threat assessment & management teams. Stoneham, MA: Applied Risk Management.

Falk, A., Kuhn, A., & Zweimüller, J. (2011). Unemployment and right-wing extremist crime. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 113(2), 260-285.

Faragher, E. B., Cass, M., & Cooper, C. L. (2005). The relationship between job satisfaction and health: A meta-analysis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62(2), 105-112.

Fox, J. A. (2008). The troubled student and campus violence: New approaches. Chron High Educ, 55(12), A42-A43.

Glass, N., Manganello, J., & Campbell, J. (2004). Risk for intimate partner femicide in violent relationships. Domestic Violence Report, 9(2), 17-32.

Hempel, A., Meloy, J. R., & Richards, T. (1999). Offender and offense characteristics of a nonrandom sample of mass murderers. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 27, 213-225.

Hershcovis, M. S., & Barling, J. (2010). Towards a multi-foci approach to workplace aggression: A meta-analytic review of outcomes from different perpetrators. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(1), 24-44.

Heponiemi, T., Kouvonen, A., Virtanen, M., Vänskä, J., & Elovainio, M. (2014). The prospective effects of workplace violence on physicians’ job satisfaction and turnover intentions: The buffering effect of job control. BMC Health Services Research, 14(1), 19.

Hills, D., & Joyce, C. M. (2014). Workplace aggression in clinical medical practice: Associations with job satisfaction, life satisfaction and self-rated health. Medical Journal of Australia, 201(9), 535-540.

Hollister, B. A., & Scalora, M. J. (2015). Broadening campus threat assessment beyond mass shootings. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 25, 43-53.

Hoffmann, J., & Roshdi, K. (2013). School shootings in Germany: Research, prevention through risk assessment and threat management. In N. Böckler, T. Seeger, P. Sitzer & W. Heitmeyer (Eds.), School Shootings (pp. 363-378). New York, NY: Springer.

Kates, N., Greiff, B. S., & Hagen, D. Q. (2003). Job loss and employment uncertainty. In J.P. Kahn & A. M. Langlieb (Eds.), Mental health and productivity in the workplace (pp.135-154). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Kolanko, K. M., Clark, C., Heinrich, K. T., Olive, D., Serembus, J. F., & Sifford, K. S. (2006). Academic dishonesty, bullying, incivility, and violence: Difficult challenges facing nurse educators. Nursing Education Perspectives, 27(1), 34-43.

Lapierre, L. M., Spector, P. E., & Leck, J. D. (2005). Sexual versus nonsexual workplace aggression and victims’ overall job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(2), 155.

Manzoni, P., & Eisner, M. (2006). Violence between the police and the public influences of work-related stress, job satisfaction, burnout, and situational factors. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 33(5), 613-645.

Meloy, J. R. (1997). Predatory violence during mass murder. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 42, 326-329.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358

Mullen, P. E. (2004). The autogenic (self-generated) massacre. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 311-323.

Nygaard Christoffersen, M., Soothill, K., & Francis, B. (2007). Violent life events and social disadvantage: A systematic study of the social background of various kinds of lethal violence, other violent crime, suicide, and suicide attempts. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 8(2), 157-184.

Pollard, J. W., Nolan, J. J., & Deisinger, E. R. (2012). The practice of campus-based threat assessment: An overview. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 26(4), 263-276.

Price, R. H., Choi, J., & Vinokur, A. D. (2002). Links in the chain of adversity following job loss: How financial strain and loss of personal control lead to depression, impaired functioning, and poor health. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7, 302-312.

Rothmann, S. (2008). Job satisfaction, occupational stress, burnout and work engagement as components of work-related wellbeing: Empirical research. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 34(3), 11-16.

Smith, H., Thomas, S. P., & Parker, C. M. (2007). Violence on campus: Practical recommendations for legal educators. Okla. City UL Rev., 32, 443.

Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2005). The stressor-emotion model of counterproductive work behavior (CWB). In S. Fox & P. E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive Work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets, 46. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Tripp, T. M., & Bies, R. J. (2010). “Righteous” anger and revenge in the workplace: The fantasies, the feuds, the forgiveness. In M. Potegal, G. Stemmler, and C. Spielberger (Eds.), International handbook of anger (pp. 413-431). New York, NY: Springer.

Vinokur, A. D., Price, R. H., & Caplan, R. D. (1996). Hard times and hurtful partners: How financial strain affects depression and relationship satisfaction of unemployed persons and their spouses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 166-179.

Item 8: Extreme Job or Academic Attachment

Ansbro, M. (2008). Using attachment theory with offenders. Probation Journal, 55(3), 231-244.

Ascher, M. S., Avery, J., & Holoshitz, Y. (2015). Work addiction. The Behavioral Addictions, 199.

Aquino, K., Tripp, T. M., & Bies, R. J. (2001). How employees respond to personal offense: The effects of blame attribution, victim status, and offender status on revenge and reconciliation in the workplace. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 52-59.

Bies, R. J., & Tripp, T. M. (2005). The study of revenge in the workplace: Conceptual, ideological, and empirical issues. In S. Fox & P. E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets, (pp. 65-81). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Borum, R., Super, J., & Rand, M. (2003). Forensic assessment for high-risk occupations. In I. B. Weiner & A. M. Goldstein (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Vol. 11: Forensic psychology, (pp. 133–148). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

Burks, S. V., Carpenter, J. P., Goette, L., & Rustichini, A. (2009). Cognitive skills affect economic preferences, strategic behavior, and job attachment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(19), 7745-7750.

Cheng, G. H. L., & Chan, D. K. S. (2008). Who suffers more from job insecurity? A meta‐analytic review. Applied Psychology, 57(2), 272-303.

Deisinger, G., Randazzo, M., O’Neill, D., & Savage, J. (2008). The handbook for campus threat assessment & management teams. Stoneham, MA: Applied Risk Management.

Diamond, M. A. (1997). Administrative assault: A contemporary psychoanalytic view of violence and aggression in the workplace. American Review of Public Administration, 27(3), 228-247.

Dunkle, J. H., Silverstein, Z. B., & Warner, S. L. (2007). Managing violent and other troubling students: The role of threat assessment teams on campus. JC & UL, 34, 585.

Eells, G. T., & Rockland-Miller, H. S. (2010). Assessing and responding to disturbed and disturbing students: Understanding the role of administrative teams in institutions of higher education. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 25(1), 8-23.

Feldmann, T. B., & Johnson, P. W. (1996). Workplace violence: A new form of lethal aggression. In H. Hall (Ed.), Lethal violence 2000 (pp. 311-338). Kammela, HA: Pacific Institute for the Study of Conflict and Aggression.

Freud, S. (1957). Instincts and their vicissitudes. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 14, pp. 109-140). London, England: Hogarth Press (Original work published 1915).

Fox, S., & Spector, P. E. (1999). A model of work frustration: Aggression. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20, 915-931.

Gabbard, G. (1996). Love and hate in the analytic setting. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.

Gilligan, J. (1996). Violence: Our deadly epidemic and its causes. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.

Giorgi, G., Leon Perez, J. M., Montani, F., Courcy, F., & Arcangeli, G. (2015). Distress and job satisfaction after robbery assaults: A longitudinal study. Occupational Medicine, 65(4), 290-295.

Hansen, A. L., Waage, L., Eid, J., Johnsen, B. H., & Hart, S. (2011). The relationship between attachment, personality and antisocial tendencies in a prison sample: A pilot study. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 52(3), 268-276.

Hempel, A., Meloy, J. R., & Richards, T. (1999). Offender and offense characteristics of a nonrandom sample of mass murderers. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 27, 213-225.

Holland, D. W. (2008). Work addiction: Costs and solutions for individuals, relationships and organizations. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 22(4), 1-15.

Kelloway, E. K., Catano, V., & Day, A. (2011). Counterproductive work behaviours. People and work in, Canada, Toronto, ON: Nelson.[SW8]

Kates, N., Greiff, B. S., & Hagen, D. Q. (2003). Job loss and employment uncertainty. In J. P. Kahn & A. M. Langlieb (Eds.), Mental health and productivity in the workplace (pp. 135-154). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Kohut, H. (1972). Thoughts on narcissism and narcissistic rage. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 27, 360-400.

Malmquist, C. P. (1996). Homicide: A psychiatric perspective. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Meloy, J. R. (2000). Violence risk and threat assessment: A practical guide for mental health and criminal justice professionals. San Diego, CA: Specialized Training Services.

Meloy, J. R. (2003). Pathologies of attachment, violence, and criminality. Handbook of psychology.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Mullen, P. E. (2004). The autogenic (self-generated) massacre. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 311-323.

Neff, K. D., Hsieh, Y. P., & Dejitterat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, achievement goals, and coping with academic failure. Self and Identity, 4(3), 263-287.

Pollard, J. W., Nolan, J. J., & Deisinger, E. R. (2012). The practice of campus-based threat assessment: An overview. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 26(4), 263-276.

Rothstein, A. (1984). The narcissistic pursuit of perfection. New York, NY: International Universities Press.

Skarlicki, D., & Folger, R. (1997). Retaliation in the workplace: The roles of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 434-443.

Tziner, A., & Tanami, M. (2013). Examining the links between attachment, perfectionism, and job motivation potential with job engagement and workaholism. Revista de psicología del trabajo y de las organizaciones.[SW9] Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 29(2), 65-74.

Thompson, S., & Kyle, K. (2005). Understanding mass school shootings: Links between personhood and power in the competitive school environment. Journal of Primary Prevention, 26(5), 419-438.

Randazzo, M. R., Borum, R., Vossekuil, B., Fein, R., Modzeleski, W., & Pollack, W. (2006). Threat assessment in schools: Empirical support and comparison with other approaches. In S. R. Jimerson & M. J. Furlong (Eds.), Handbook of school violence and school safety: From research to practice (pp. 147-170). New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Schmidtke, R. (2011). Workplace violence: Identification and prevention. The Journal of Law Enforcement, 1(1).

Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & Bakker, A. B. (2006). Dr Jekyll or Mr Hyde? On the differences between work engagement and workaholism. Research Companion to Working Time and Work Addiction, 193-217.

Item 9: Loss, Personal Stressors and Negative Coping

Anestis, M. D., Selby, E. A, & Joiner, T. E. (2007). The role of urgency in maladaptive behaviors. Behavior Research and Therapy, 45, 3018–3029

Borum, R., Fein, R., Vossekuil, B., & Berglund, J. (1999). Threat assessment: Defining an approach for evaluating risk of targeted violence. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 17, 323-337.

Borum, R., Bartel, P., & Forth, A. (2002). Manual for the structured assessment of violence risk in youth. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida.

Campbell Quick, J., McFadyen, A., & Lynn Nelson, D. (2014). No accident: Health, well-being, performance… and danger. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 1(1), 98-119.

Cantor, C., Mullen, P., & Alpers, P. (2000). Mass homicide: The civil massacre. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 28, 55-63.

Chang, E. M., Daly, J. W., Hancock, K. M., Bidewell, J., Johnson, A., Lambert, V. A., & Lambert, C. E. (2006). The relationships among workplace stressors, coping methods, demographic characteristics, and health in Australian nurses. Journal of Professional Nursing, 22(1), 30-38.

Coleman, P. T., Goldman, J. S., & Kugler, K. (2009). Emotional intractability: Gender, anger, aggression and rumination in conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management, 20(2), 113-131.

Colligan, T. W., & Higgins, E. M. (2006). Workplace stress: Etiology and consequences. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 21(2), 89-97.

Cuomo, C., Sarchiapone, M., Di Giannantonio, M., Mancini, M., & Roy, A. (2008). Aggression, impulsivity, personality traits, and childhood trauma of prisoners with substance abuse and addiction. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 34(3), 339-345.

Elbogen, E. B., Cueva, M., Wagner, H. R., Sreenivasan, S., Brancu, M., Beckham, J. C., & Van Male, L. (2014). Screening for violence risk in military veterans: Predictive validity of a brief clinical tool. American Journal of Psychiatry.

Elison, J., Garofalo, C., & Velotti, P. (2014). Shame and aggression: Theoretical considerations. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(4), 447-453.

Estroff, S. E. & Zimmer, C. (1994). Social networks, social support, and violence among persons with severe, persistent mental illness. In J. Monahan & H. J. Steadman (Eds.), Violence and mental disorder: Developments in risk assessment (pp. 259-295). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Felthous, A. R., & Hempel, A. (1995). Combined homicides-suicides: A review. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 40(5), 846-857.

Fong, R. S., Vogel, B. L., & Vogel, R. E. (2008). The correlates of school violence: An examination of factors linked to assaultive behavior in a rural middle school with a large migrant population. Journal of School Violence, 7(3), 24-47.

Hempel, A., Levine R. E., Meloy J. R., & Westermeyer, J. (2000). A cross-cultural review of sudden mass assault by a single individual in the oriental and occidental cultures. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 45, 582-588.

Howard, D. E., Schiraldi, G., Pineda, A., & Campanella, R. (2006). Stress and mental health among college students: Overview and promising prevention interventions. Stress and Mental Health of College Students, 91-123.

Kalish, R., & Kimmel, M. (2010). Suicide by mass murder: Masculinity, aggrieved entitlement, and rampage school shootings. Health Sociology Review, 19(4), 451-464.

Kockler, T. R., Stanford, M. S., Nelson, C. E., Meloy, J. R., & Sanford, K. (2006). Characterizing aggressive behavior in a forensic population. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry.

Larkin, R. W. (2011). Masculinity, school shooters, and the control of violence (pp. 315-344). New York, NY: Springer.

Magnavita, N. (2007a). Anxiety and depression at work: The A/D Goldberg Questionnaire. Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia, 29(3), 670–671.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Menninger, W. W. (2007). Uncontained rage: A psychoanalytic perspective on violence. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 71(2), 115.

Monahan, J. (1986). Dangerous and violent behavior. In O. B. Dickerson & A. J. Kaminer (Eds.), Occupational medicine: The troubled employee (pp. 559-568). Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus.

Mullen, P. E. (2004). The autogenic (self-generated) massacre. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 311-323.

Murray, C. E., & Kardatzke, K. N. (2007). Dating violence among college students: Key issues for college counselors. Journal of College Counseling, 10(1), 79-89.

Neff, K. D., Hsieh, Y. P., & Dejitterat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, achievement goals, and coping with academic failure. Self and Identity, 4(3), 263-287.

Neuman, Y. (2012). On revenge. Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society, 17(1), 1-15.

Nygaard Christoffersen, M., Soothill, K., & Francis, B. (2007). Violent Life Events and Social Disadvantage: A Systematic Study of the Social Background of Various Kinds of Lethal Violence, Other Violent Crime, Suicide, and Suicide Attempts. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 8(2), 157-184.

O’Toole, M. E. (2000). The school shooter: A threat assessment perspective. Washington, DC: DIANE Publishing.

Puy, J., Romain-Glassey, N., Gut, M., Pascal, W., Mangin, P., & Danuser, B. (2015). Clinically assessed consequences of workplace physical violence. International Archives of Occupational & Environmental Health, 88(2), 213-224.

Samnani, A. K., & Singh, P. (2012). 20 years of workplace bullying research: A review of the antecedents and consequences of bullying in the workplace. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(6), 581-589.

Seo, Y. N. (2010). The role of culture on workplace bullying: The comparison between the UK and South Korea (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nottingham).

Shweta, & Jha, S. (2010). Antecedents of interpersonal conflicts at work-place. Journal of Management & Public Policy, 1(2), 73-79.

Siegel, A., & Victoroff, J. (2009). Understanding human aggression: New insights from neuroscience. International Journal of Law Psychiatry, 32, 209–215.

Silver, E., & Teasdale, B. (2005). Mental disorder and violence: An examination of stressful life events and impaired social support. Social Problems, 52(1), 62-78.

Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2005). The stressor-emotion model of counterproductive work behavior (CWB). In S. Fox & P. E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets (p. 46). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Stock, H. V. (2007). Workplace violence: Advances in consultation and assessment. Forensic Psychology: Emerging Topics and Expanding Roles. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 511-550.

Stockdale, S. E., Wells, K. B., Tang, L., Belin, T. R., Zhang, L., & Sherbourne, C. D. (2007). The importance of social context: Neighborhood stressors, stress-buffering mechanisms, and alcohol, drug, and mental health disorders. Social Science & Medicine, 65(9), 1867-1881.

Turanovic, J. J., & Pratt, T. C. (2013). The consequences of maladaptive coping: Integrating general strain and self-control theories to specify a causal pathway between victimization and offending. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 29(3), 321-345.

Van der Kolk, B. (1987). Psychological trauma. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Velotti, P., Elison, J., & Garofalo, C. (2014). Shame and aggression: Different trajectories and implications. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(4), 454-46

Vossekuil, B., Reddy, M., Fein, R., Borum, R., & Modzeleski, M. (2000). U.S.S.S. safe school initiative: An interim report on the prevention of targeted violence in schools. Washington, DC: U.S. Secret Service, National Threat Assessment Center.

Waldheter, E. J., Jones, N. T., Johnson, E. R., & Penn, D. L. (2005). Utility of social cognition and insight in the prediction of inpatient violence among individuals with a severe mental illness. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193(9), 609-618.

Warren, L. J., Ogloff, J. R., & Mullen, P.E. (2013). The psychological basis of threatening behaviour. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 20(3), 329-343

Wurmser, L. (1981). The mask of shame. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.

Item 10: Entitlement and Other Negative Traits

Aitken, L., Oosthuizen, P., Emsley, R., & Seedat, S. (2008). Mass murders: Implications for mental health professionals. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 38(3), 261-269.

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4^th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author.

Beesley, F., & McGuire, J. (2009). Gender-role identity and hypermasculinity in violent offending. Psychology, Crime & Law, 15(2-3), 251-268.

Berke, J. (2012). Why I hate you and you hate me: The interplay of envy, greed, jealousy, and narcissism in everyday life. London, England: Karnac.

Bettencourt, B. A., Talley, A., Benjamin, A. J., & Valentine, J. (2006). Personality and aggressive behavior under provoking and neutral conditions: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 132(5), 751–777.

Bouffard, L. A. (2010). Exploring the utility of entitlement in understanding sexual aggression. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38(5), 870-879.

Boden, J. M., Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2007). Self-esteem and violence: Testing links between adolescent self-esteem and later hostility and violent behavior. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42(11), 881-891.

Coleman, P. T., Goldman, J. S., & Kugler, K. (2009). Emotional intractability: Gender, anger, aggression and rumination in conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management, 20(2), 113-131.

DeFronzo, J., Ditta, A., Hannon, L., & Prochnow, J. (2007). Male Serial Homicide the Influence of Cultural and Structural Variables. Homicide Studies,11(1), 3-14.

DeWall, C. N., Baumeister, R. F., Stillman, T. F., & Gailliot, M. T. (2007). Violence restrained: Effects of self-regulation and its depletion on aggression. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 62-76.

Elison, J., Garofalo, C., & Velotti, P. (2014). Shame and aggression: Theoretical considerations. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(4), 447-453.

Grostein, J. (1985). Splitting and projective identification. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.

Greenberger, E., Lessard, J., Chen, C., & Farruggia, S. P. (2008). Self-entitled college students: Contributions of personality, parenting, and motivational factors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37(10), 1193-1204.

Hempel, A., Meloy, J. R., & Richards, T. (1999). Offender and offense characteristics of a nonrandom sample of mass murderers. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 27, 213-225.

Kalish, R., & Kimmel, M. (2010). Suicide by mass murder: Masculinity, aggrieved entitlement, and rampage school shootings. Health Sociology Review, 19(4), 451-464.

Kernberg, O. (1975). Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism. New York, NY: Jason Aronson.

Kernberg, O. (1984). Severe personality disorders: Psychotherapeutic strategies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press

Knight, Z. G. (2006). Some thoughts on the psychological roots of the behavior of serial killers as narcissists: An object relations perspective. Social Behavior and Personality 34(10), 1189-1206.

Livesley, W. J. (Ed.). (1995). The DSM-IV personality disorders. New York, NY: Guilford.

Locke, K. D. (2009). Aggression, narcissism, self-esteem, and the attribution of desirable and humanizing traits to self versus others. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(1), 99-102.

Malmquist, C. P. (1996). Homicide: A psychiatric perspective. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Meloy, J. R. (2000). Violence risk and threat assessment: A practical guide for mental health and criminal justice professionals. San Diego, CA: Specialized Training Services.

Meloy, J. R., & Reavis, J. (2007). Dangerous cases: When treatment is not an option. In B. Van Luyn, S. Akhtar & J. Livesley (Eds.), Severe personality disorders: Major issues in everyday practice (pp. 181-195). London, England: Cambridge University Press.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Millon, T., & Davis, R. D. (1996). Disorders of personality: DSM-IV and beyond (2^nd ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

Mullen, P. E., & Lester, G. (2006). Vexatious litigants and unusually persistent complainants and petitioners: From querulous paranoia to querulous behaviour. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 24(3), 333.

Neuman, Y. (2012). On revenge. Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society, 17(1), 1-15.

Nørbech, P. C. B., Grønnerød, C., & Hartmann, E. (2015). Identification with a violent and sadistic aggressor: A Rorschach study of criminal debt collectors. Journal of Personality Assessment, 1-11.

Ostrowsky, M. K. (2010). Are violent people more likely to have low self-esteem or high self-esteem? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(1), 69-75.

Palermo, G. B. (2008). Narcissism, Sadism, and Loneliness. In Serial murder and the psychology of violent crimes (pp. 85-100). Humana Press.

Price, D. R. (1994). Personality disorders and traits. In J. J. McDonald & F. B. Kulick (Eds.), Mental and emotional injuries in employment litigation (pp. 93-140). Washington, DC: The Bureau of National Affairs.

Reidy, D. E., Zeichner, A., Foster, J. D., & Martinez, M. A. (2008). Effects of narcissistic entitlement and exploitativeness on human physical aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(4), 865-875.

Russo, N. F., & Pirlott, A. (2006). Gender‐based violence. Annals of the New York academy of sciences, 1087(1), 178-205.

Siegel, A., & Victoroff, J. (2009). Understanding human aggression: New insights from neuroscience. International Journal of Law Psychiatry, 32, 209–215.

Taylor, L. D., Davis‐Kean, P., & Malanchuk, O. (2007). Self‐esteem, academic self‐concept, and aggression at school. Aggressive Behavior, 33(2), 130-136.

Tonso, K. (2009). Violent masculinities as tropes for school shooters: The Montreal massacre, the Columbine attack, and rethinking schools. American Behavioral Scientist, 52, 1266-1285.

Trzesniewski, K. H., Donnellan, M. B., & Robins, R. W. (2008). Do today’s young people really think they are so extraordinary? An examination of secular trends in narcissism and self-enhancement. Psychological Science, 19(2), 181-188.

Trzesniewski, K. H., Donnellan, M. B., Moffitt, T. E., Robins, R. W., Poulton, R., & Caspi, A. (2006). Low self-esteem during adolescence predicts poor health, criminal behavior, and limited economic prospects during adulthood. Developmental psychology, 42(2), 381.

Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2009). The narcissism epidemic: Living in the age of entitlement. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.

Twenge, J. M., & Foster, J. D. (2008). Mapping the scale of the narcissism epidemic: Increases in narcissism 2002–2007 within ethnic groups. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(6), 1619-1622.

Twenge, J. M., Konrath, S., Foster, J. D., Campbell, W. K., & Bushman, B. J. (2008). Further evidence of an increase in narcissism among college students. Journal of Personality, 76(4), 919-928.

Twenge, J. M., & Foster, J. D. (2010). Birth cohort increases in narcissistic personality traits among American college students, 1982–2009. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1(1), 99-106.

Velotti, P., Elison, J., & Garofalo, C. (2014). Shame and aggression: Different trajectories and implications. Aggression and Violent Behavior,19(4), 454-461.

Widiger, T. A., & Trull, T. J. (1994). Personality disorders and violence. In J. Monahan & H. J. Steadman (Eds.), Violence and mental disorder: Developments in risk assessment (pp. 203-226). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Item 11: Lack of Conscience and Irresponsibility

Babiak, P., & Hare, R. D. (2006). Snakes in suits: When psychopaths go to work. New York, NY: Regan Books.

Babiak, P., Neumann, C. S., & Hare, R. D. (2010). Corporate psychopathy: Talking the walk. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 28(2), 174-193

Barbaree, H. E. (2005). Psychopathy, treatment behavior, and recidivism: An extended followup of Seto and Barbaree. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(9), 1115-1131.

Berardino, S. D., Meloy, J. R., Sherman, M., & Jacobs, D. (2005). Validation of the psychopathic personality inventory on a female inmate sample. Behavioral Sciences & The Law, 23(6), 819-836.

Blair, J., Mitchell, D., & Blair, K. (2005). The psychopath: Emotion and the brain. Blackwell Publishing.

Blair, R. (2010). Neuroimaging of psychopathy and antisocial behavior: A targeted review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 12(1), 76-82.

Camp, J. P., Skeem, J. L., Barchard, K., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Poythress, N. G. (2013). Psychopathic predators? Getting specific about the relation between psychopathy and violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81(3), 467-480.

Clarke, J. (2009). Working with Monsters: How to Identify and Protect Yourself from the Workplace Psychopath: Easyread Super Large 20pt Edition. ReadHowYouWant.com.

Cleckley, H. (1976). The mask of sanity (5^th. ed.). St. Louis, MO: C. V. Mosby (Original work published in 1941).

DeMatteo, D., Heilbrun, K. and Marczyk, G. (2005). Psychopathy, risk of violence, and protective factors in a noninstitutionalized and noncriminal sample. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 4, 147–157

Fazel, S., Singh, J. P., Doll, H., & Grann, M. (2012). Use of risk assessment instruments to predict violence and antisocial behaviour in 73 samples involving 24,827 people: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Brit Medical Journal 345.

Ferguson, C. J. (2008). An evolutionary approach to understanding violent antisocial behavior: Diagnostic implications for dual-process etiology. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 8, 321–343.

Gacono, C. B., Meloy, J. R., & Bridges, M. R. (2008). A Rorschach understanding of psychopaths, sexual homicide perpetrators, and nonviolent pedophiles. The Handbook of Forensic Rorschach Assessment, 379-402.

Gacono, C., & Meloy, R. (2009). Assessing antisocial and psychopathic personalities. In J. N. Butcher (Ed.), Oxford Handbook of Personality Assessment (pp. 567-581). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Gacono, C. B., & Meloy, J. R. (2013). The Rorschach assessment of aggressive and psychopathic personalities. New York, NY: Routledge.

Glenn, A. L., & Raine, A. (2009). Psychopathy and instrumental aggression: Evolutionary, neurobiological, and legal perspectives. International Journal of Law & Psychiatry, 32(4), 253-258.

Häkkänen-Nyholm, H., & Hare, R. D. (2009). Psychopathy, homicide, and the courts working the system. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(8), 761-777.

Hare, R. D. (1993). Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us. New York, NY: Pocket Books.

Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2006). The PCL-R assessment of psychopathy: Development, structural properties, and new directions. In C. J. Patrick (Ed.), Handbook of psychopathy (pp. 58–88). New York, NY: Guilford.

Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2008). Psychopathy as a clinical and empirical construct. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 4, 217–246.

Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2009). Psychopathy: Assessment and forensic implications. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 791–802

Helfritz, L. E., & Stanford, M. S. (2006). Personality and psychopathology in an impulsive aggressive college sample. Aggressive Behavior, 32(1), 28-37. doi:10.1002/ab.2010

Hicks, B. M., Vaidyanathan, U., & Patrick, C. J. (2010). Validating female psychopathy subtypes: Differences in personality, antisocial and violent behavior, substance abuse, trauma, and mental health. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 1(1), 38.

Hodgins, S., Tiihonen, J., & Ross, D. (2005). The consequences of conduct disorder for males who develop schizophrenia: Associations with criminality, aggressive behavior, substance use, and psychiatric services. Schizophrenia Research, 78(2), 323-335.

Kernberg, O. (1984). Severe personality disorders: Psychotherapeutic strategies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Klaver, J. R., Lee, Z., & Hart, S. D. (2007). Psychopathy and nonverbal indicators of deception in offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 31(4), 337.

Knight, Z. G. (2006). Some thoughts on the psychological roots of the behavior of serial killers as narcissists: An object relations perspective. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 34(10), 1189-1206.

Lahey, B. B., Loeber, R., Burke, J. D., & Applegate, B. (2005). Predicting future antisocial personality disorder in males from a clinical assessment in childhood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(3), 389-399.

Langman, P. F. (2009). Why kids kill: Inside the minds of school shooters. Macmillan.

Langman, P. F. (2013). Thirty-five rampage school shooters: Trends, patterns, and typology. In School Shootings (pp. 131-156). New York, NY: Springer.

Leistico, A. M. R., Salekin, R. T., DeCoster, J., & Rogers, R. (2008). A large-scale meta-analysis relating the hare measures of psychopathy to antisocial conduct. Law and Human Behavior, 32(1), 28.

Looman, J., Abracen, J., Serin, R., & Marquis, P. (2005). Psychopathy, treatment change, and recidivism in high-risk, high-need sexual offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(5),549-568

Mauricio, A. M., Tein, J. Y., & Lopez, F. G. (2007). Borderline and antisocial personality scores as mediators between attachment and intimate partner violence. Violence and Victims, 22(2), 139-157.

McCuish, E. C., Corrado, R. R., Hart, S. D., & DeLisi, M. (2015). The role of symptoms of psychopathy in persistent violence over the criminal career into full adulthood. Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(3).

Meloy, J. R. (1988). The psychopathic mind: Origins, dynamics, and treatment. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.

Meloy, J. R. (2000). Violence risk and threat assessment: A practical guide for mental health and criminal justice professionals. San Diego, CA: Specialized Training Services.

Meloy, J. R. (2001). The mark of Cain: Psychoanalytic insight and the psychopath. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.

Meloy, J. R. (2007). Antisocial personality disorder. In G.O. Gabbard (Ed.), Treatments of psychiatric disorders (4^th ed., pp. 2273-2290). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Meloy, J. R., Yakeley, A. J., & Chir, M. B. B. (2010). Psychodynamic Treatment of Antisocial Personality Disorder. In J. F. Clarkin, P. Fonagy, G. O. Gabbard (Eds.), Psychodynamic psychotherapy for personality disorders: A clinical handbook (pp. 311-336). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.

Meloy, J. R., & Yakeley, J. (2010). Treatment of cluster B disorders: Antisocial personality disorder. In J. F. Clarkin, P. Fonagy, & G. O. Gabbard (Eds.), Psychodynamic psychotherapy for personality disorders: A clinical handbook (pp. 311–336). Washington, DC and London, England: American Psychiatric Press.

Meloy, J. R. & Yakeley, J. (2014). Antisocial personality disorder. In G. Gabbard, (Ed.), Gabbard’s Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders, 5th edition (pp. 311-336). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Menninger, W. W. (2007). Uncontained rage: A psychoanalytic perspective on violence. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 71(2), 115.

Myers, W. C., Gooch, E., & Meloy, J. R. (2005). The role of psychopathy and sexuality in a female serial killer. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 50(3), 652-657.

O’Toole, M. E., Smith, S. S., & Hare, R. D. (2008). Psychopathy and predatory stalking of public figures. In J. R. Meloy, L. Sheridan, J. Hoffmann (Eds.), Stalking, threatening, and attacking public figures: A psychological and behavioral analysis (pp. 215-243). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

O’Toole, M. E. (2007). Psychopathy as a behavior classification system for violent and serial crime scenes. In H. Herve & J. C. Yuille (Eds.), The psychopath: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 301–325). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Patrick, C. (2007). Getting to the heart of psychopathy. In H. Herve, & J. Yuille (Eds.), The psychopath: Theory, research and practice (pp. 207–252). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Ehrlbaum Associates.

Porter, S., & Porter, S. (2007). Psychopathy and violent crime. In H. F. Hervé, & J. C. Yuille (Eds.), The Psychopath: Theory, Research and Practice (pp. 287–299). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Porter, S., & Woodworth, M. (2006). Psychopathy and aggression. Handbook of Psychopathy, 481-494.

Price, D. R. (1994). Personality disorders and traits. In J. J. Mc Donald & F. B. Kulick (Eds.), Mental and emotional injuries in employment litigation (pp. 93-140). Washington, DC: The Bureau of National Affairs.

Reavis, J. A., Allen, E. K., & Meloy, J. R. (2008). Psychopathy in a mixed gender sample of adult stalkers. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53(5), 1214-1217.

Scott, C. L., & Resnick, P. J. (2006). Violence risk assessment in persons with mental illness. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11, 598-611.

Skeem, J., Kennealy, P., Monahan, J., Peterson, J., & Appelbaum, P. (2015). Psychosis uncommonly and inconsistently precedes violence among high-risk individuals. Clinical Psychological Science, 2167702615575879.

Storey, J. E., Hart, S. D., Meloy, J. R., & Reavis, J. A. (2009). Psychopathy and stalking. Law and Human Behavior, 33(3), 237.

Verona, E., Bresin, K., & Patrick, C. J. (2013). Revisiting psychopathy in women: Cleckley/Hare conceptions and affective response. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 1088-1093.

Verona, E., Sprague, J., & Javdani, S. (2012). Gender and factor level interactions in psychopathy: Implications for suicide-related behavior and borderline personality disorder. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 3,247-262.

Vitacco, M. J., Neumann, C. S., & Wodushek, T. (2008). Differential relationships between the dimensions of psychopathy and intelligence: Replication in an adult offender sample. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35,48–55.

Yakeley, J., & Williams, A. (2014). Antisocial personality disorder: New directions. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 20(2), 132-143.

Item 12: Anger Problems

Amore, M. m., Tonti, C., Esposito, W., Baratta, S., Berardi, D., & Menchetti, M. (2013). Course and predictors of physical aggressive behaviour after discharge from a psychiatric inpatient unit: 1 Year Follow-up. Community Mental Health Journal, 49(4), 451-456

Bettencourt, B. A., Talley, A., Benjamin, A. J., & Valentine, J. (2006). Personality and aggressive behavior under provoking and neutral conditions: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 132(5), 751–777.

Barling, J., Dupré, K. E., & Kelloway, E. K. (2009). Predicting workplace aggression and violence. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 671-692.

Booth, J., & Mann, S. (2005). The experience of workplace anger. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 26(4), 250-262.

Campbell, A. (2007). Sex differences in aggression. In R. I. M. Dunbar & L. Barrett (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology (pp. 365-382). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Chappell, D., & Di Martino, V. (2006). Violence at work. International Labour Organization.

Davey, L., Day, A., & Howells, K. (2005). Anger, over-control and serious violent offending. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 10(5), 624-635.

Declercq, F., & Audenaert, K. (2011). Predatory violence aiming at relief in a case of mass murder: Meloy’s criteria for applied forensic practice. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 29(4), 578-591.

Douglas, S. C., Kiewitz, C., Martinko, M. J., Harvey, P., Kim, Y., & Chun, J. U. (2008). Cognitions, emotions, and evaluations: An elaboration likelihood model for workplace aggression. Academy of Management Review, 33(2), 425-451.

Dupré, K. E., & Barling, J. (2006). Predicting and preventing supervisory workplace aggression. Journal of occupational health psychology, 11(1), 13.

Dutton, D. G. (2010). Anger in intimate relationships. In International handbook of anger (pp. 535-544). New York, NY: Springer.

Elison, J., Garofalo, C., & Velotti, P. (2014). Shame and aggression: Theoretical considerations. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(4), 447-453.

Foley, S. R., Kelly, B. D., Clarke, M., McTigue, O., Gervin, M., & Kamali, M. et al. (2005). Incidence and clinical correlates of aggression and violence at presentation in patients with first episode psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 72(2), 161-168.

Genest, A. A., & Mathieu, C. (2014). Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of Attachment on Men’s Anger. Partner Abuse, 5(4), 375-387.

Giegling, I., Olgiati, P., Hartmann, A. M., Calati, R., Möller, H., Rujescu, D., & Serretti, A. (2009). Personality and attempted suicide: Analysis of anger, aggression and impulsivity. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43(16), 1262-1271.

Gilbert, F., & Daffern, M. (2010). Integrating contemporary aggression theory with violent offender treatment: How thoroughly do interventions target violent behavior? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(3), 167-180.

Haidt, J. (2007). The new synthesis in moral psychology. Science, 316, 998–1002.

Hershcovis, M. S., Turner, N., Barling, J., Arnold, K. A., Dupré, K. E., Inness, M., & Sivanathan, N. (2007). Predicting workplace aggression: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 228.

Hollister, B. A., & Scalora, M. J. (2015). Broadening campus threat assessment beyond mass shootings. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 25, 43-53.

Howells, K., Daffern, M., & Day, A. (2008). Aggression and violence. Handbook of Forensic Mental Health, 351-374.

Kessler, S. R., Spector, P. E., Chang, C. H., & Parr, A. D. (2008). Organizational violence and aggression: Development of the three-factor violence climate survey. Work & Stress, 22(2), 108-124.

Knoll, J. L. (2010). The “pseudocommando” mass murderer: Part I, the psychology of revenge and obliteration. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 38(1), 87-94.

Kockler, T. R., Stanford, M. S., Nelson, C. E., Meloy, J. R., & Sanford, K. (2006). Characterizing aggressive behavior in a forensic population. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry.

LeBlanc, M. M., & Barling, J. (2005). Understanding the many faces of workplace violence. In Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of Actors and Targets, 41-63.

Levinson, C. A., Giancola, P. R., & Parrott, D. J. (2011). Beliefs about aggression moderate alcohol’s effects on aggression. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 19, 64–74.

Locke, K. D. (2009). Aggression, narcissism, self-esteem, and the attribution of desirable and humanizing traits to self versus others. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(1), 99-102

Meichenbaum, D. (2001). Treatment of individuals with anger-control problems and aggressive behaviors: A clinical handbook. Clearwater, FL: Institute Press.

Meloy, J. R. (1997). Predatory violence during mass murder. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 42, 326-329.

Meloy, J. R. (2006). Empirical basis and forensic application of affective and predatory violence. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40(6-7), 539-547.

Meloy, J. R. (2006b). The empirical basis and forensic application of affective and predatory violence. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 539-547.[SW10]

Meloy, J. R., Hoffmann, J., Roshdi, K., & Guldimann, A. (2014). Some warning behaviors discriminate between school shooters and other students of concern. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management, 1(3), 203.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Menninger, W. W. (2007). Uncontained rage: A psychoanalytic perspective on violence. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 71(2), 115.

Monahan, J. (2006). A jurisprudence of risk assessment: Forecasting harm among prisoners, predators, and patients. Virginia Law Review, 92, 391-434.

Monahan, J., Steadman, H. J., Silver, E., Appelbaum, P. S., Robbins, P. C., Mulvey, E. P., et al. (2001). Rethinking risk assessment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Neuman, J. H., & Baron, R. A. (2005). Aggression in the workplace: A social-psychological perspective. In S. Fox & P. E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets (pp. 41-64). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing.

Novaco, R. W. (1994). Anger as a risk factor for violence among the mentally disordered. In J. Monahan & H. J. Steadman (Eds.), Violence and mental disorder: Developments in risk assessment (pp. 21-59). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Novaco, R. W. (1997). Remediating anger and aggression with violent offenders. Legal and Criminal Psychology, 2, 77-88.

Novaco, R. W. (2000). Anger. In A. Kazdin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychology (pp. 170-174). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association & Oxford University Press.

Novaco, R. W. (2011a). Anger dysregulation: Driver of violent offending. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 22, 650-668.

Novaco, R. W. (2011b). Perspectives on anger treatment: Discussion and commentary. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 18, 251-255.

Pathé, M. T., & Meloy, J. R. (2013). Commentary: Stalking by patients—psychiatrists’ tales of anger, lust and ignorance. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 41(2), 200-205.

Potegal, M. (2006). Human cruelty is rooted in the reinforcing effects of intraspecific aggression that subserves dominance motivation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29(03), 236-237.

Radovic, S., & Höglund, P. (2014). Explanations for violent behavior: An interview study among forensic in-patients. International Journal of Law & Psychiatry, 37(2), 142-148.

Restubog, S. L. D., Garcia, P. R. J. M., Wang, L., & Cheng, D. (2010). It’s all about control: The role of self-control in buffering the effects of negative reciprocity beliefs and trait anger on workplace deviance. Journal of Research in Personality, 44(5), 655-660.

Rockler, T. (2008). The application of affective and predatory aggression to psycholegal opinions. Forensic Psychiatry Research Trends, 63.

Siegel, A., & Victoroff, J. (2009). Understanding human aggression: New insights from neuroscience. International Journal of Law Psychiatry, 32, 209–215.

Toch, H. (1992). Violent men: An inquiry into the psychology of violence. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Velotti, P., Elison, J., & Garofalo, C. (2014). Shame and aggression: Different trajectories and implications. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(4), 454-46

Watt, B. D., & Allard, M. J. (2010). The virus of violence: The relationship between victimisation and aggression. In R. E. Hicks (Ed.), Personality and individual differences (pp. 293–304). Bowen Hills, QLD[SW11] : Australian Academic Press.

Winston, W., & Mcclure, L. F. (2014). Risky business: Managing employee violence in the workplace. New York, NY: Routledge.

Wender, P. (1997). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A wide view of a widespread condition. Psychiatric Annals, 27, 556-562.

Yagil, D. (2008). When the customer is wrong: A review of research on aggression and sexual harassment in service encounters. Aggression & Violent Behavior, 13(2), 141-152.

Item 13: Suicidality and/or Depressive Mood

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4^th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author.

Andres, A. R. (2005). Income inequality, unemployment, and suicide: A panel data analysis of 15 European countries. Applied Economics, 37(4), 439-451.

Auxemery, Y. (2015). The mass murderer history: Modern classifications, sociodemographic and psychopathological characteristics, suicidal dimensions, and media contagion of mass murders. Comprehensive psychiatry, 56, 149-154.

Bills, C. B., & Li, G. (2005). Correlating homicide and suicide. International Journal of Epidemiology, 34, 837‐845.

Binder, R. L. (1999). Are the mentally ill dangerous? Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 27, 189-201.

Bossarte, R. M., Simon, T. R., & Barker, L. (2006). Characteristics of homicide followed by suicide incidents in multiple states, 2003–04. Injury prevention,12(suppl 2), ii33-ii38.

Borum, R., Fein, R., Vossekuil, B., & Berglund, J. (1999). Threat assessment: Defining an approach for evaluating risk of targeted violence. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 17, 323-337.

Callanan, V. J., & Davis, M. S. (2009). A comparison of suicide note writers with suicides who did not leave notes. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 39(5), 558-568.

Chan, W. S., Yip, P. S., Wong, P. W., & Chen, E. Y. (2007). Suicide and unemployment: What are the missing links? Archives of Suicide Research, 11(4), 327-335.

Classen, T. J., & Dunn, R. A. (2012). The effect of job loss and unemployment duration on suicide risk in the United States: A new look using mass‐layoffs and unemployment duration. Health Economics, 21(3), 338-350.

Cochran, S. V., & Rabinowitz, F. E. (2000). Men and depression: Clinical and empirical perspectives. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Comstock, R. D., Mallonee, S., Kruger, E., Rayno, K., Vance, A., & Jordan, F. (2005). Epidemiology of homicide–suicide events: Oklahoma, 1994-2001. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 26, 229-235.

Dawson, M. (2005). Intimate femicide followed by suicide: Examining the role of premeditation. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 35, 76-90.

De Coster, S. (2005). Depression and law violation: Gendered responses to gendered stresses. Sociological Perspectives, 48(2), 155-187.

Dumais, A., Lesage, A. D., Phil, M., Alda, M., Rouleau, G., Dumont, R. N., Turecki, G. (2005a). Risk factors for suicide completion in major depression: A case-control study of impulsive and aggressive behaviors in men. Journal of Psychiatry, 162(11), 2116–2225.

Dumais, A., Lesage, A. D., Lalovic, A., Seguin, M., Tousignant, M., Chawky, M. P., & Turecki, G. (2005b). Is violent method of suicide a behavioral marker of lifetime aggression? American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(7), 1375–1378.

Dutton, D. G., & Karakanta, C. (2013). Depression as a risk marker for aggression: A critical review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(2), 310-319.

Eliason, S. (2009). Murder-suicide: A review of the recent literature. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 37(3), 371-376.

Felthous, A. R., & Hempel, A. (1995). Combined homicide-suicides: A review. Journal of Forensic Science, 40(5), 846-857.

Flynn, S., et al. (2009). Homicide followed by suicide: A cross‐sectional study. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 20, 306‐321.

Gabbard, G. (1990). Psychodynamic psychiatry in clinical practice. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Gabbard, G. (Ed.). (2007). Treatments of psychiatric disorders (4^th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

Gartner, R., & McCarthy, B. (2008). Twentieth‐century trends in homicide followed by suicide in four North American cities. In J. Weaver & D. Wright (Eds.), Histories of suicide: International perspectives on self-destruction in the modern world. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.

Gvion, Y., & Apter, A. (2011). Aggression, impulsivity, and suicide behavior: A review of the literature. Archives of Suicide Research, 15(2), 93-112.

Harper, D. W., & Voigt, L. (2007). Homicide followed by suicide: An integrated theoretical perspective. Homicide Studies, 11(4), 295-318.

Hempel, A., Meloy, J. R., & Richards, T. (1999). Offender and offense characteristics of a nonrandom sample of mass murderers. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 27, 213-225.

Holmes, R. M., & Holmes, S. T. (2005). Suicide: Theory, practice, and investigation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Iancu, I., Bodner, E., Roitman, S., Piccone Sapir, A., Poreh, A., & Kotler, M. (2010). Impulsivity, aggression and suicide risk among male schizophrenia patients. Psychopathology, 43(4), 223-229.

Inoue, K., Tanii, H., Kaiya, H., Abe, S., Nishimura, Y., Masaki, M., & Fukunaga, T. (2007). The correlation between unemployment and suicide rates in Japan between 1978 and 2004. Legal Medicine, 9(3), 139-142.

Joiner, T. E., Jr. (2005). Why people die by suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Kalish, R., & Kimmel, M. (2010). Suicide by mass murder: Masculinity, aggrieved entitlement, and rampage school shootings. Health Sociology Review, 19(4), 451-464.

Kelip, J. G., Gorlyn, M., Oquendo, M. A., Brodsky, B., Ellis, S. P., & Mann, J. J. (2006). Aggressiveness, not impulsiveness or hostility, distinguishes suicide attempters with major depression. Psychological Medicine, 36, 1779–1996.

Krakowski, M. I., & Czobor, P. (2004). Psychosocial risk factors associated with suicide attempts and violence among psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatric Services, 55 (12), 1414–1419.

Kposowa, A. J. (2013). Association of suicide rates, gun ownership, conservatism, and individual suicide risk. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 48(9), 1467-1479.

Kposowa, A. J., & McElvain, J. P. (2006). Gender, place, and method of suicide. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41(6), 435-443.

Li, X. Y., Philips, M. R., Wang, Y. P., Yang, R. S., Zhang, C., Ji, H. Y., Bian, Q. T., Xu, Y. C., & Ma, Z. W. (2003). The comparison of impulsive and non-impulsive suicide attempts (in Chinese). Chinese Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 29, 27–31.

Liebert, J., & Birnes, W. J. (2011). Suicidal mass murderers: A criminological study of why they kill. CRC Press.

Liem, M. C. A. (2010). Homicide followed by suicide: An empirical analysis. Utrecht University.

Lundin, A., & Hemmingsson, T. (2009). Unemployment and suicide. The Lancet, 374(9686), 270-271.

Marzuk, P. M., Tardiff, K., & Hirsch, C. S. (1992). The epidemiology of murder-suicide. Jama, 267(23), 3179-3183.

Malmquist, C. P. (1996). Homicide: A psychiatric perspective. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Meloy, J. R. (1997). Predatory violence during mass murder. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 42, 326-329.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Mohandie, K. (2007). Forensic psychological issues in officer involved shooting, use of force, and suicide by cop cases. Forensic Psychology and Neuropsychology for Criminal and Civil Cases, 239.

Mohandie, K., & Meloy, J. R. (2000). Clinical and forensic indicators of “suicide by cop.” Journal of Forensic Sciences, 45(2), 384-389.

Mohandie, K., Meloy, J. R., & Collins, P. I. (2009). Suicide by cop among officer‐involved shooting cases. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 54(2), 456-462.

Mohandie, K., & Meloy, J. R. (2010). Hostage and barricade incidents within an officer-involved shooting sample: Suicide by cop, intervention efficacy, and descriptive characteristics. Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations, 10(1-2), 101-115.

Mohandie, K., & Meloy, J. R. (2011). Suicide by cop among female subjects in officer‐involved shooting cases. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 56(3), 664-668.

Monahan, J., Steadman, H. J., Silver, E., Appelbaum, P. S., Robbins, P. C., Mulvey, E. P., et al. (2001). Rethinking risk assessment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Mullen, P. E. (2004). The autogenic (self-generated) massacre. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 311-323.

Neitzel, A. R., & Gill, J. R. (2011). Death certification of “suicide by cop.” Journal of Forensic Sciences, 56(6), 1657-1660.

Nock, M. K., Hwang, I., Sampson, N., Kessler, R. C., Angermeyer, M., Beautrais, A., & De Graaf, R. (2009). Cross-national analysis of the associations among mental disorders and suicidal behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. PLoS med, 6(8), e1000123.

Nock, M. K., Deming, C. A., Fullerton, C. S., Gilman, S. E., Goldenberg, M., Kessler, R. C., & Stanley, B. (2013). Suicide among soldiers: A review of psychosocial risk and protective factors. Psychiatry, 76(2), 97-125.

Nock, M., Park, J., Finn, C., Deliberto, T., Dour, H., & Banaji, M. (2010). Measuring the suicidal mind: Implicit cognition predicts suicidal behavior. Psychological Science, 21, 511–517.

Noh, Y. H. (2009). Does unemployment increase suicide rates? The OECD panel evidence. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(4), 575-582.

Ostrowsky, M. K. (2009). Self-medication and violent behavior. LFB Scholarly Pub.

Preti, A. (2008). School shooting as a culturally enforced way of expressing suicidal hostile intentions. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 36(4), 544-550.

PDM Task Force (2006). Psychodynamic diagnostic manual. Silver Spring, MD: Alliance of Psychoanalytic Organizations.

Rihmer, Z., Gonda, X., Rihmer, A., & Fountoulakis, K. N. (2010). Suicidal and violent behaviour in mood disorders: A major public health problem: A review for the clinician. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 14(2), 88-94.

Ritter, K., Zitterl, W., & Stompe, T. (2012). [Unemployment, suicide-and homicide-rates in the EU countries]. Neuropsychiatrie: klinik, diagnostik, therapie und rehabilitation: organ der gesellschaft osterreichischer nervenarzte und psychiater, 27(3), 111-118.

Rosenbaum, M. (1990). The role of depression in couples involved in murder-suicide and homicide. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 1036-1039.

Rudd, M., Berman, A., Joiner, T., Jr., Nock, M., Silverman, M., Mandrusiak, M., et al. (2006). Warning signs for suicide: Theory, research, and clinical applications. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 36(3), 255-262.

Schlesinger, L. B. (2006). Celebrity stalking, homicide, and suicide: A psychological autopsy. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 50(1), 39-46.

Schwartz, A. J. (2006). Four eras of study of college student suicide in the United States: 1920-2004. Journal of American College Health, 54(6), 353-366.

Scott, C. L., & Resnick, P. J. (2006). Violence risk assessment in persons with mental illness. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11, 598-611.

Stephenson, J. H., Belesis, M. P., & Balliet, W. E. (2005). Variability in college student suicide: Age, gender, and race. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 19(4), 5-33.

Item 14: Irrationally Suspicious or Bizarre Beliefs

Amore, M., Menchetti, M., Tonti, C., Scarlatti, F., Lundgren, E., Esposito, W., & Berardi, D. (2008). Predictors of violent behavior among acute psychiatric patients: Clinical study. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 62(3), 247-255.

Aitken, L., Oosthuizen, P., Emsley, R., & Seedat, S. (2008). Mass murders: Implications for mental health professionals. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 38(3), 261-269.

Applebaum, P., Robbins, P., & Monahan, J. (2000). Violence and delusions: Data from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 566-572.

Binder, R. L. (1999). Are the mentally ill dangerous? Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 27, 189-201.

Baillargeon, J., Binswanger, I. A., Penn, J. V., Williams, B. A., & Murray, O. J. (2009). Psychiatric disorders and repeat incarcerations: The revolving prison door. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(1), 103-109.

Blair, R.J. (2010). Reactive aggression and psychopathy: Psychopathy, frustration, and reactive aggression: The role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Britain Journal of Psychology, 101(3), 383-399.

Brodsky, B. S., Groves, S. A., Oquendo, M., Mann, J.J., & Stanley, B. (2006). Interpersonal precipitants and suicide attempts in borderline personality disorder. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 36(3)313–322

Buckley, P. F., Hrouda, D. R., Friedman, L., Noffsinger, S. G., Resnick, P. J., & Camlin-Shingler, K. (2004). Insight and its relationship to violent behavior in patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 161(9), 1712-1714.

Candini, V., Buizza, C., Ferrari, C., Boero, M. E., Giobbio, G. M., Goldschmidt, N., & de Girolamo, G. (2015). Violent behavior of patients living in psychiatric residential facilities: A comparison of male patients with different violence histories. International Journal of Law & Psychiatry, (39)46-51.

Coid, J. W., Ullrich, S., Kallis, C., Keers, R., Barker, D., Cowden, F., & Stamps, R. (2013). The relationship between delusions and violence: Findings from the East London first episode psychosis study. JAMA psychiatry, 70(5), 465-471.

Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2005). Findings from the National Comorbidity Survey on the frequency of violent behavior in individuals with psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Research, 136(2), 153-162.

Declercq, F., & Audenaert, K. (2011). A case of mass murder: Personality disorder, psychopathology and violence mode. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(2), 135-143

Douglas, K. S., Guy, L. S., & Hart, S. D. (2009). Psychosis as a risk factor for violence to others: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 135(5), 679.

Dutton, D. G., White, K. R., & Fogarty, D. (2013). Paranoid thinking in mass shooters. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(5), 548-553.

Edlinger, M., Rauch, A., Kemmler, G., Yalcin-Siedentopf, N., Wolfgang Fleischhacker, W., & Hofer, A. (2014). Risk of violence of inpatients with severe mental illness – Do patients with schizophrenia pose harm to others? Psychiatry Research, 219(3), 450-457.

Elbogen, E. B., Cueva, M., Wagner, H. R., Sreenivasan, S., Brancu, M., Beckham, J. C., & Van Male, L. (2014). Screening for violence risk in military veterans: predictive validity of a brief clinical tool. American Journal of Psychiatry.

Elbogen, E. B., Beckham, J. C., Butterfield, M. I., Swartz, M., & Swanson, J. (2008). Assessing risk of violent behavior among veterans with severe mental illness. Journal of traumatic stress, 21(1), 113-117

Elbogen, E. B., & Johnson, S. C. (2009). The intricate link between violence and mental disorder: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Archives of general Psychiatry, 66(2), 152-161.

Elbogen, E. B., Fuller, S., Johnson, S. C., Brooks, S., Kinneer, P., Calhoun, P. S., & Beckham, J. C. (2010). Improving risk assessment of violence among military veterans: An evidence-based approach for clinical decision-making. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(6), 595-607.

Elbogen, E. B., Van Dorn, R. A., Swanson, J. W., Swartz, M. S., & Monahan, J. (2006). Treatment engagement and violence risk in mental disorders. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 189(4), 354-360.

Fazel, S., Grann, M., & Psych, C. (2006). The population impact of severe mental illness on violent crime. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(8), 1397-1403.

Felthous, A. R. (2008). Schizophrenia and impulsive aggression: A heuristic inquiry with forensic and clinical implications. Behavioral Sciences & The Law, 26(6), 735-758.

Fazel, S., Gulati, G., Linsell, L., Geddes, J. R., & Grann, M. (2009). Schizophrenia and violence: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med, 6(8), e1000120.

Ferranti, J., McDermott, B. E., & Scott, C. L. (2013). Characteristics of female homicide offenders found not guilty by reason of insanity. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 41(4), 516-522.

Freud, S. (1958). Psycho-analytic notes on an autobiographical account of a case of paranoia (dementia paranoids). In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 12, pp. 3-82). London, England: Hogarth Press (Original work published 1911).

Friedman, R. A. (2006). Violence and mental illness—how strong is the link? New England Journal of Medicine, 355(20), 2064-2066.

Grisso, T., Davis, J., Vesselinov, R., Appelbaum, P., & Monahan, J. (2000). Violent thoughts and violent behavior following hospitalization for mental disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 388-398.

Gray, N. S., Taylor, J., & Snowden, R. J. (2011). Predicting violence using structured professional judgment in patients with different mental and behavioral disorders. Psychiatry Research, 187(1), 248-253.

Gunn, J., & Buchanan, A. (2006). Paranoia in the criminal courts. Behavioral Sciences & The Law, 24(3), 373-383.

Henquet, C., van Os, J., Kuepper, R., Delespaul, P., Smits, M., à Campo, J., & Myin-Germeys, I. (2010). Psychosis reactivity to cannabis use in daily life: An experience sampling study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 196(6), 447-453.

Hersh, K., & Borum, R. (1998). Command hallucinations, compliance, and risk assessment. Journal of the American Academy Psychiatry and the Law, 26, 353-359.

Hodgins, S., Müller-Isberner, R., Freese, R., Tiihonen, J., Repo-Tiihonen, E., Eronen, M., & Kronstrand, R. (2007). A comparison of general adult and forensic patients with schizophrenia living in the community. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 6(1), 63-75.

Hodgins, S., Tiihonen, J., & Ross, D. (2005). The consequences of conduct disorder for males who develop schizophrenia: associations with criminality, aggressive behavior, substance use, and psychiatric services. Schizophrenia research, 78(2), 323-335.

Houser, K. A., & Welsh, W. (2014). Examining the association between co-occurring disorders and seriousness of misconduct by female prison inmates. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 41(5), 650-666.

James, D. V., Mullen, P. E., Pathé, M. T., Meloy, J. R., Farnham, F. R., Preston, L., & Darnley, B. (2008). Attacks on the British Royal Family: The role of psychotic illness. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 36(1), 59-67.

Junginger, J. (2006). “Stereotypic” delusional offending. Behavioral sciences & the law, 24(3), 295-311.

Katsavdakis, K. A., Meloy, J. R., & White, S. G. (2011). A female mass murder. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 56(3), 813-818.

Knoll, J., & Meloy, J. R. (2014). Mass murder and the violent paranoid spectrum. Psychiatric Annals, 44(5), 236.

Kumari, V., Das, M., Hodgins, S., Zachariah, E., Barkataki, I., Howlett, M., & Sharma, T. (2005). Association between violent behaviour and impaired prepulse inhibition of the startle response in antisocial personality disorder and schizophrenia. Behavioural Brain Research, 158(1), 159-166. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2004.08.021

Kessler, R. C., Amminger, G. P., Aguilar‐Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Lee, S., & Ustun, T. B. (2007). Age of onset of mental disorders: A review of recent literature. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 20(4), 359.

Laajasalo, T., & Häkkänen, H. (2006). Excessive violence and psychotic symptomatology among homicide offenders with schizophrenia. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 16(4), 242-253.

Link, B. G., Andrews, H., & Cullen, F. T. (1992). The violent and illegal behavior of mental patients reconsidered. American Sociological Review, 57, 275-292.

Maden, T. (2007). Treating violence: A guide to risk management in mental health. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Malmquist, C. P. (1996). Homicide: A psychiatric perspective. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

McNiel, D. E. (1994). Hallucinations and violence. In J. Monahan & H. J. Steadman (Eds.), Violence and mental disorder: Developments in risk assessment (pp. 183-202). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Meissner, W. W. (1978). The paranoid process. New York, NY: Jason Aronson.

Meloy, J. R. (1999). Erotomania, triangulation, and homicide. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 44, 421-424.

Meloy, J. R. (2000). Violence risk and threat assessment: A practical guide for mental health and criminal justice professionals. San Diego, CA: Specialized Training Services.

Meloy, J. R., & Shiva, A. (2007). A psychoanalytic view of the psychopath. The International Handbook of Psychopathic Disorders and the Law. New York, NY: Wiley.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Monahan, J., Steadman, H. J., Silver, E., Appelbaum, P. S., Robbins, P. C., Mulvey, E. P., et al. (2001). Rethinking risk assessment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Mullen, P. E. (2004). The autogenic (self-generated) massacre. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 311-323.

Mullen, P. E., & Lester, G. (2006). Vexatious litigants and unusually persistent complainants and petitioners: From querulous paranoia to querulous behavior. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 24, 333-349.

Nestor, P. G. (2014). Mental disorder and violence: Personality dimensions and clinical features. American Journal of Psychiatry

Odgers, C. L., Mulvey, E. P., Skeem, J. L., Gardner, W., Lidz, C. W., & Schubert, C. (2009). Capturing the ebb and flow of psychiatric symptoms with dynamical systems models. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(5), 575-582.

Scott, C. L., & Resnick, P. J. (2006). Violence risk assessment in persons with mental illness. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(6), 598-611.

Singh, J. P., Serper, M., Reinharth, J., & Fazel, S. (2011). Structured assessment of violence risk in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders: A systematic review of the validity, reliability, and item content of 10 available instruments. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37(5), 899-912.

Swanson, J. W., Swartz, M. S., Van Dorn, R. A., Elbogen, E. B., Wagner, H. R., Rosenheck, R. A., & Lieberman, J. A. (2006). A national study of violent behavior in persons with schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(5), 490-499.

Swendsen, J., Ben-Zeev, D., & Granholm, E. (2011). Real-time electronic ambulatory monitoring of substance use and symptom expression in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(2), 202-209.

Scott, C. L., & Resnick, P. J. (2006). Violence risk assessment in persons with mental illness. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(6), 598-611.

Taylor, P. J. (2006). Delusional disorder and delusions: Is there a risk of violence in social interactions about the core symptom? Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 24(3), 313-331.

Taylor, P. J. (2008). Psychosis and violence: Stories, fears, and reality. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 53(10), 647-659.

Taylor, P. J., Garety, P., Buchanan, A., Reed, A., Wessely, S., Ray, K., et al. (1994). Delusions and violence. In J. Monahan & H. J. Steadman (Eds.), Violence and mental disorder: Developments in risk assessment (pp. 161-182). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Ullrich, S., Keers, R., & Coid, J. W. (2014). Delusions, anger, and serious violence: New findings from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40(5), 1174.

Van Dorn, R., Volavka, J., & Johnson, N. (2012). Mental disorder and violence: is there a relationship beyond substance use? Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(3), 487-503.

Witt, K., Hawton, K., & Fazel, S. (2014). The relationship between suicide and violence in schizophrenia: Analysis of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) dataset. Schizophrenia research, 154(1), 61-67.

Wallace, C., Mullen, P. E., & Burgess, P. (2014). Criminal offending in schizophrenia over a 25-year period marked by deinstitutionalization and increasing prevalence of comorbid substance use disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry.

Item 15: Substance Abuse and/or Dependence

Abbey, A. (2002). Alcohol-related sexual assault: A common problem among college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. Supplement, (14), 118.

Abbey, A., Zawacki, T., Buck, P. O., Clinton, A. M., & McAuslan, P. (2004). Sexual assault and alcohol consumption: What do we know about their relationship and what types of research are still needed? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9(3), 271-303

Armstrong, E. A., Hamilton, L., & Sweeney, B. (2006). Sexual assault on campus: A multilevel, integrative approach to party rape. Social problems,53(4), 483-499.

Brewer, R. D., & Swahn, M. H. (2005). Binge drinking and violence. JAMA, 294(5), 616-618.

Cartier, J., Farabee, D., & Prendergast, M. L. (2006). Methamphetamine use, self-reported violent crime, and recidivism among offenders in California who abuse substances. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21(4), 435-445.

Carr, J. L., & VanDeusen, K. M. (2004). Risk factors for male sexual aggression on college campuses. Journal of Family Violence, 19(5), 279-289.

Chalub, M., & Telles, L. E. (2006). Alcohol, drugs and crime. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 28, s69-s73.

Cohen, J., Dickow, A., Horner, K., Zweben, J., Balabis, J., Vandersloot, D., et al. (2003). Abuse and violence history of men and women in treatment for methamphetamine dependence. American Journal on Addictions, 12, 377-385.

El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., Wu, E., Go, H., & Hill, J. (2005). Relationship between drug abuse and intimate partner violence: A longitudinal study among women receiving methadone. American Journal of Public Health, 95(3), 465-470.

Fals-Stewart, W., & Kennedy, C. (2005). Addressing intimate partner violence in substance-abuse treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 29(1), 5-17.

Fazel, S., Långström, N., Hjern, A., Grann, M., & Lichtenstein, P. (2009). Schizophrenia, substance abuse, and violent crime. JaMa, 301(19), 2016-2023.

Fazel, S., Bains, P., & Doll, H. (2006). Substance abuse and dependence in prisoners: A systematic review. Addiction, 101(2), 181-191.

Haggård‐Grann, U., Hallqvist, J., Långström, N., & Möller, J. (2006). The role of alcohol and drugs in triggering criminal violence: A case‐crossover study. Addiction, 101(1), 100-108.

Junginger, J., Claypoole, K., Laygo, R., & Cristiani, A. (2006). Effects of serious mental illness and substance use on criminal offense. Psychiatric Services, 57, 879 – 882.

Karan, L. D., Haller, D. L., & Schnoll, S. H. (1998). Cocaine and stimulants. In R. J. Frances & S. I. Miller (Eds.), Clinical textbook of addictive disorders (2nd ed., pp. 168-201). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Karch, S. (1993). The Pathology of Drug Abuse. London, England: CRC Press.

Krueger, R. F., Markon, K. E., Patrick, C. J., Benning, S. D., & Kramer, M. D. (2007). Linking antisocial behavior, substance use, and personality: An integrative quantitative model of the adult externalizing spectrum. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 645– 666.

Knight, J. R., Wechsler, H., Kuo, M., Seibring, M., Weitzman, E. R., & Schuckit, M. A. (2002). Alcohol abuse and dependence among US college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 63(3), 263-270.

Krebs, C. P., Lindquist, C. H., Warner, T. D., Fisher, B. S., & Martin, S. L. (2008). The Campus Sexual Assault (CSA) Study. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.

Lidz, C. W., Banks, S., Simon, L., Schubert, C., & Mulvey, E. P. (2007). Violence and mental illness: A new analytic approach. Law and Human Behavior, 31(1), 23.

Lott, B., Reilly, M. E., & Howard, D. R. (1982). Sexual assault and harassment: A campus community case study. Signs, 8(2), 296-319.

McNiel, D. E., Binder, R. L., & Robinson, J. C. (2014). Incarceration associated with homelessness, mental disorder, and co-occurring substance abuse. Psychiatric Services.

Markowitz, S. (2005). Alcohol, drugs and violent crime. International Review of Law and Economics, 25(1), 20-44.

Mann, R. E., Zalcman, R. F., Smart, R. G., Rush, B. R., & Suurvali, H. (2006). Alcohol consumption, alcoholics anonymous membership, and homicide mortality rates in Ontario 1968 to 1991. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 30(10), 1743-1751.

Merrick, E. S. L., Volpe-Vartanian, J., Horgan, C. M., & McCann, B. (2007). Alcohol & drug abuse: Revisiting employee assistance programs and substance use problems in the workplace: Key issues and a research agenda. Psychiatric Services, 58(10), 1262-1264.

Meloy, J. R. (2000). Violence risk and threat assessment: A practical guide for mental health and criminal justice professionals. San Diego, CA: Specialized Training Services.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Miller, T. R., Levy, D. T., Cohen, M. A., & Cox, K. L. (2006). Costs of alcohol and drug-involved crime. Prevention Science, 7(4), 333-342.

Monahan, J., Steadman, H. J., Silver, E., Appelbaum, P. S., Robbins, P. C., Mulvey, E. P., et al. (2001). Rethinking risk assessment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Mullen, P. E. (2006). Schizophrenia and violence: From correlations to preventive strategies. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 12(4), 239-248.

Mulvey, E. P., Odgers, C., Skeem, J., Gardner, W., Schubert, C., & Lidz, C. (2006). Substance use and community violence: A test of the relation at the daily level. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(4), 743.

Musayón Oblitas, F. Y., & Caufield, C. (2007). Workplace violence and drug use in women workers in a Peruvian Barrio. International Nursing Review, 54(4), 339-345.

O’Malley, P. M., & Johnston, L. D. (2002). Epidemiology of alcohol and other drug use among American college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement, (14), 23-39.

Ordorica, P. I., & Nace, E. P. (1998). Alcohol. In R. J. Frances & S. I. Miller (Eds.), Clinical textbook of addictive disorders (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Perry, J. L., & Carroll, M. E. (2008). The role of impulsive behavior in drug abuse. Psychopharmacology, 200(1), 1-26.

Phillips, S., Matusko, J., & Tomasovic, E. (2007). Reconsidering the relationship between alcohol and lethal violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(1), 66-84.

Swartz, M. S., Swanson, J. W., Hiday, V. A., Borum, R., Wagner, H. R., & Burns, B. J. (2014). Violence and severe mental illness: The effects of substance abuse and nonadherence to medication. American Journal of Psychiatry.

Van Dorn, R., Volavka, J., & Johnson, N. (2012). Mental disorder and violence: Is there a relationship beyond substance use? Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(3), 487-503.

Watt, B. D., Kohphet, A., Oberin, D., & Keating, S. (2013). The relationship between violent fantasy and alcohol misuse in aggressive behaviours. Australian Psychologist, 48(6), 452-458.

Weaver, M. F., & Schnoll, S. H. (1999). Stimulants: Amphetamines and cocaine. In B. S. McCrady & E. E. Epstein (Eds.), Addictions: A comprehensive guidebook (pp. 105-120). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Witt, K., Van Dorn, R., & Fazel, S. (2013). Correction: Risk factors for violence in psychosis: Systematic review and meta-regression analysis of 110 studies. PloS one, 8(9).

Zweben, J., Cohen, J., Christian, D., Galloway, G., Salinardi, M., Parent, D., et al. (2004). Psychiatric symptoms in methamphetamine users. American Journal on Addictions, 13, 181-190.

Item 16: Increasing Isolation

Agervold, M., & Andersen, L. P. (2006). Incidence and impact of violence against staff on their perceptions of the psychosocial work environment. Nordic Psychology, 58(3), 232.

Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Ciarocco, N. J., & Twenge, J. M. (2005). Social exclusion impairs self-regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(4), 589.

Barling, J., Dupré, K. E., & Kelloway, E. K. (2009). Predicting workplace aggression and violence. Annual review of Psychology, 60, 671-692.

Beale, D., & Hoel, H. (2011). Workplace bullying and the employment relationship exploring questions of prevention, control and context. Work, Employment & Society, 25(1), 5-18.

Borum, R. (2013). Informing lone-offender investigations. Criminology & Public Policy, 12, 103–112.

Borum, R., Fein, R., & Vossekuil, B. (2012). A dimensional approach to analyzing lone offender terrorism. Aggression and Violent Behaviour, 17, 389–396.

Bowlby, J. (1979). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. London, England: Tavistock.

Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. (Eds.). (1999). Handbook of attachment. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Chermak, S. M., Freilich, J. D., & Simone, J., Jr. (2010). Surveying American state police agencies about lone wolves, far-right criminality and far-right and Islamic Jihadist criminal collaboration. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 33, 1019–1041.

Corner, E., & Gill, P. (2015). A false dichotomy? Mental illness and lone-actor terrorism. Law and Human Behavior, 39(1), 23

Colligan, T. W., & Higgins, E. M. (2006). Workplace stress: Etiology and consequences. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 21(2), 89-97.

Cho, D., & Gardner, A. (2007). An isolated boy in a world of strangers. Washington Post, 21.

Dolan, V. L. (2011). The isolation of online adjunct faculty and its impact on their performance. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 12(2), 62-77.

Dutton, D. G. (1995). The domestic assault of women: Psychological and criminal justice perspectives. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: University of British Columbia Press.

Elisha, D., Castle, D., & Hocking, B. (2006). Reducing social isolation in people with mental illness: The role of the psychiatrist. Australasian Psychiatry, 14, 281–284.

Erdil, O., & Ertosun, Ö. G. (2011). The relationship between social climate and loneliness in the workplace and effects on employee well-being. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 505-525.

Erikson, E. H. (1993). Childhood and society. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.

Fonagy, P. (1999). Male perpetrators of violence against women: An attachment theory perspective. Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 1, 7-27.

Gruenewald, J., Chermak, S., & Freilich, J. D. (2013). Distinguishing “loner” attacks from other domestic extremist violence: A comparison of far-right homicide. Incident and offender characteristics. Criminology & Public Policy, 12, 65–91.

Gill, P. (2015). Lone-Actor Terrorists: A Behavioural Analysis. New York, NY: Routledge.

Gill, P., Horgan, J., & Deckert, P. (2014). Bombing alone: Tracing the motivations and antecedent behaviors of lone‐actor terrorists. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 59(2), 425-435.

Goldberg, S., Muir, R., & Kerr, J. (1995). Attachment theory: Social, developmental, and clinical perspectives[SW12] . Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.

Golden, T. D., Veiga, J. F., & Dino, R. N. (2008). The impact of professional isolation on teleworker job performance and turnover intentions: Does time spent teleworking, interacting face-to-face, or having access to communication-enhancing technology matter? Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1412.

Gruenewald, J., Chermak, S., & Freilich, J. (2013). Distinguishing “loner” attacks from other domestic extremist violence. Criminology & Public Policy, 12, 65–91.

Hamm, M. S. (2013). Lone wolf Terrorism in America: Forging a New Way of Looking at an Old Problem. Indiana University, 3.

Kleinfield, N. R. (2007). Before deadly rage, a life consumed by a troubling silence. The New York Times, 22.

Lankford, A. (2013). A comparative analysis of suicide terrorists, and rampage, workplace, and school shooters in the United States from 1990 to 2010. Homicide Studies, 17, 255–274.

Leary, M. R., Twenge, J. M., & Quinlivan, E. (2006). Interpersonal rejection as a determinant of anger and aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(2), 111-132.

Lewis, S. E., & Orford, J. (2005). Women’s experiences of workplace bullying: Changes in social relationships. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 15(1), 29-47.

Lord, C., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., & Amaral, D. G. (2000). Autism spectrum disorders. Neuron, 28(2), 355-363.

Marshall, G. W., Michaels, C. E., & Mulki, J. P. (2007). Workplace isolation: Exploring the construct and its measurement. Psychology & Marketing, 24(3), 195-223.

McCauley, C., Moskalenko, S., & Van Son, B. (2013). Characteristics of lone-wolf violent offenders: A comparison of assassins and school attackers. Perspectives on Terrorism, 7, 4–24.

Meloy, J. R. (2003). Pathologies of attachment, violence, and criminality. In A. M. Goldstein (Ed.), Handbook of psychology, Vol. 11: Forensic psychology (pp. 509-526). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

Meloy, J. R. (2004). Indirect personality assessment of the violent true believer. Journal of Personality Assessment, 82, 138-146.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Meloy, J. R., & Yakeley, J. (2014). The violent true believer as “lone wolf:” Psychoanalytic perspectives on terrorism. Behavioral Sciences and the Law.

Mulki, J. P., & Jaramillo, F. (2011). Workplace isolation: Salespeople and supervisors in USA. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(04), 902-923.

Mullen, P. E. (2004). The autogenic (self-generated) massacre. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 311-323.

Ostrowsky, M. K. (2010). Are violent people more likely to have low self-esteem or high self-esteem? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(1), 69-75.

Pallud, J., & Elie-dit-Cosaque, C. (2008). Isolation and emotions in the workplace: The influence of perceived media richness and virtuality. AMCIS 2008 Proceedings, 144.

Pollert, A. (2010). The lived experience of isolation for vulnerable workers facing workplace grievances in 21st-century Britain. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 31(1), 62-92

Riggle, R. J. (2007). The impact of organizational climate variables of perceived organizational support, workplace isolation, and ethical climate on salesperson’s psychological and behavioral work outcomes. ProQuest.

Smith, J. W., & Calasanti, T. (2005). The influences of gender, race and ethnicity on workplace experiences of institutional and social isolation: An exploratory study of university faculty. Sociological Spectrum, 25(3), 307-334.

Spaaij, R. (2010). The enigma of lone wolf terrorism: An assessment. Studies in Conﬂict & Terrorism, 33,854–870.

Spaaij, R. (2012). Understanding lone wolf terrorism: Global patterns, motivations, and prevention. New York, NY: Springer.

Sulu, S., Ceylan, A., & Kaynak, R. (2010). Work alienation as a mediator of the relationship between organizational injustice and organizational commitment: Implications for healthcare professionals. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(8), p27.

Valliant, G. (2002). Aging Well. New York, NY: Little Brown & Co.

Van Emmerik, I. H., Euwema, M. C., & Bakker, A. B. (2007). Threats of workplace violence and the buffering effect of social support. Group & Organization Management, 32(2), 152-175.

Warburton, W. A., Williams, K. D., & Cairns, D. R. (2006). When ostracism leads to aggression: The moderating effects of control deprivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42(2), 213-220.

Warren, L.J., Ogloff, J. R., & Mullen, P.E. (2013). The psychological basis of threatening behaviour. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 20(3), 329-343.

Zapf, D., Escartín, J., Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., & Vartia, M. (2011). Empirical findings on prevalence and risk groups of bullying in the workplace. Bullying and harassment in the workplace. Developments in Theory, Research and Practice, 75-105.

Ze’ev Iviansky. (1977). Individual terror: Concept and typology. Journal of Contemporary History, 43-63.

Item 17: History of Violence, Criminality, and/or Conflict

Agnew, R. (2005). Why do criminals offend? A general theory of crime and delinquency. Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing.

Apel, R., & Sweeten, G. (2010). The impact of incarceration on employment during the transition to adulthood. Social Problems, 57 (3), 448–479.

Barling, J., Dupré, K. E., & Kelloway, E. K. (2009). Predicting workplace aggression and violence. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 671-692.

Binswanger, I. A., Stern, M. F., Deyo, R. A., Heagerty, P. J., Cheadle, A., Elmore, J. G., & Koepsell, T. D. (2007). Release from prison—a high risk of death for former inmates. New England Journal of Medicine, 356(2), 157-165.

Borum, R., Bartel, P., & Forth, A. (2002). Manual for the structured assessment of violence risk in youth. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida.

Borum, R., Fein, R., Vossekuil, B., & Berglund, J. (1999). Threat assessment: Defining an approach for evaluating risk of targeted violence. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 17, 323-337.

Byrne, J. M., & Stowell, J. (2007). Examining the link between institutional and community violence: Toward a new cultural paradigm. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12(5), 552-563.

Edens, J. F., Buffington-Vollum, J. K., Keilen, A., Roskamp, P., & Anthony, C. (2005). Predictions of future dangerousness in capital murder trials: Is it time to “disinvent the wheel?” Law and Human Behavior, 29(1), 55-86.

Fehon, D. C., Grilo, C. M., & Lipschitz, D. S. (2005). A comparison of adolescent inpatients with and without a history of violence perpetration: Impulsivity, PTSD, and violence risk. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193(6), 405-411.

Estrada, F., Nilsson, A., Jerre, K., & Wikman, S. (2010). Violence at work: The emergence of a social problem. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 11(1), 46-65.

Ezell, M. E. (2007). The effect of criminal history variables on the process of desistance in adulthood among serious youthful offenders. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 23(1), 28-49.

Hanson, R. K. (2009). The psychological assessment of risk for crime and violence. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 50(3), 172.

Harris, P. M. & Keller, K.S. (2005). Ex-offenders need not apply: The criminal background check in hiring decisions. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 21, 6–30.

Kaupins, G., Coco, M., & Cope, J. (2005). Workplace violence prevention programs in west Texas. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 70(4), 35.

Kroner, D. G., Mills, J. F., & Morgan, R. D. (2007). Underreporting of crime-related content and the prediction of criminal recidivism among violent offenders. Psychological Services, 4(2), 85.

Kurlychek, M. C., Brame, R., & Bushway, S. D. (2007). Enduring risk? Old criminal records and predictions of future criminal involvement. Crime & Delinquency, 53(1), 64-83.

Lidz, C. W., Banks, S., Simon, L., Schubert, C., & Mulvey, E. P. (2007). Violence and mental illness: A new analytic approach. Law and Human Behavior, 31(1), 23.

Loeber, R., & Farrington, D. (Eds.). (2012). From juvenile delinquency to adult crime: Criminal careers, justice policy, and prevention. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Melton, G., Petrila, J., Poythress, N., Slobogin, C. (1997). Psychological Evaluations for the Courts. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Monahan, J. (1981). The clinical prediction of violent behavior. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.

Monahan, J. (1986). Dangerous and violent behavior. In O.B. Dickerson & A.J. Kaminer (Eds.), Occupational medicine state of the art reviews: The troubled employee (pp. 559-568). Philadelphia, PA: Hanley & Belfus.

Mullen, P. E. (2004). The autogenic (self-generated) massacre. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 311-323.

Overton, J. C., Hensley, C., & Tallichet, S. E. (2012). Examining the relationship between childhood animal cruelty motives and recurrent adult violent crimes toward humans. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(5), 899-915.

Phillips, H. K., Gray, N. S., MacCulloch, S. I., Taylor, J., Moore, S. C., & Huckle, P. et al. (2005). Risk assessment in offenders with mental disorders: Relative efficacy of personal demographic, criminal history, and clinical variables. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(7), 833-847.

Roberts, A. L., McLaughlin, K. A., Conron, K. J., & Koenen, K. C. (2011). Adulthood stressors, history of childhood adversity, and risk of perpetration of intimate partner violence. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 40, 128–138.

Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (2005). A general age-graded theory of crime: Lessons learned and the future of life-course criminology. Integrated Developmental and Life Course Theories of Offending, 14, 165-182.

Skeem, J. L., & Cooke, D. J. (2010). Is criminal behavior a central component of psychopathy? Conceptual directions for resolving the debate. Psychological assessment, 22(2), 433.

Snowden, R. J., Gray, N. S., Taylor, J., & Fitzgerald, S. (2009). Assessing risk of future violence among forensic psychiatric inpatients with the Classification of Violence Risk (COVR). Psychiatric Services, 60(11), 1522-1526.

Soothill, K., Francis, B., & Liu, J. (2008). Does serious offending lead to homicide? Exploring the interrelationships and sequencing of serious crime. British Journal of Criminology, 48(4), 522-537.

Tremblay, R. E. (2001). The development of physical aggression during childhood and the prediction of later dangerousness. In G. F. Pinard & L. Pagani (Eds.), Clinical Assessment of Dangerousness (pp. 47-65). London, England: Cambridge University Press.

Uggen, C., & Wakefield, S. (2007). What have we learned from longitudinal studies of adolescent employment and crime? In A. Liberman (Ed.), The long view of crime: A synthesis of longitudinal research (pp. 189-218). New York, NY: Springer.

Zuckerman, M. (2007). Sensation seeking and risky behavior. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Item 18: Domestic/Intimate Partner Violence

Adams, D. (2007). Why do they kill? Men who murder their intimate partners. Vanderbilt University Press.

Adinkrah, M. (2008). Husbands who kill their wives an analysis of uxoricides in contemporary ghana. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 52(3), 296-310.

Banks, L., et al. (2008). A comparison of intimate partner homicide to intimate partner homicide‐suicide: One hundred and twenty‐four New Mexico cases. Violence Against Women, 14, 1065‐1078.

Barnett, O. W., & LaViolette, A. D. (1993). It could happen to anyone: Why battered women stay. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Belfrage, H., & Strand, S. (2008). Structured spousal violence risk assessment: Combining risk factors and victim vulnerability factors. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 7(1), 39-46.

Belfrage, H., Strand, S., Storey, J. E., Gibas, A. L., Kropp, P. R., & Hart, S. D. (2012). Assessment and management of risk for intimate partner violence by police officers using the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment Guide. Law and Human Behavior, 36(1), 60.

Bonomi, A. E., Thompson, R. S., Anderson, M., Reid, R. J., Carrell, D., Dimer, J. A., & Rivara, F. P. (2006). Intimate partner violence and women’s physical, mental, and social functioning. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30(6), 458-466.

Bossarte, R. M., Simon, T. R., & Barker, L. (2006). Characteristics of homicide followed by suicide incidents in multiple states, 2003–04. Injury Prevention, 12(suppl 2), ii33-ii38.

Bowie, V., Fisher, B. S., & Cooper, C. (Eds.). (2012). Workplace violence. New York, NY: Routledge.

Campbell, J. C., Glass, N., Sharps, P. W., Laughon, K., & Bloom, T. (2007). Intimate partner homicide review and implications of research and policy. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 8(3), 246-269.

Cattaneo, L. B. (2007). Contributors to assessments of risk in intimate partner violence: How victims and professionals differ. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(1), 57-75.

Cattaneo, L. B., & Goodman, L. A. (2005). Risk factors for reabuse in intimate partner violence a cross-disciplinary critical review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 6(2), 141-175.

Dawson, M. (2005). Intimate femicide followed by suicide: Examining the role of premeditation. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 35, 76-90.

De Becker, G. (1997). The gift of fear: Survival signals that protect us from violence. Boston, MA: Little Brown & Co.

De Reuter, C., de Jong, E., Reus, M., & Thijssen, J. (2008). Risk assessment in perpetrators of relational violence: A comparison of RISC and B-SAFER. Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction.

Douglas, J. E., Burgess, A. W., & Ressler, R. K. (2008). Sexual homicide: Patterns and motives-paperback. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.

Dutton, D. G. (2010). Anger in intimate relationships. In International handbook of anger (pp. 535-544). New York, NY: Springer.

Dutton, D. G. (1995). The domestic assault of women: Psychological and criminal justice perspectives. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: University of British Columbia Press.

Dutton, D. G. (1998). The abusive personality: Violence and control in intimate relationships. New York, NY: Guilford.

Elison, J., Garofalo, C., & Velotti, P. (2014). Shame and aggression: Theoretical considerations. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(4), 447-453.

Felthous, A. R., & Hempel, A. (1995). Combined homicides-suicides: A review. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 40(5), 846-857.

Firestone, P., Nunes, K. L., Moulden, H., Broom, I., & Bradford, J. M. (2005). Hostility and recidivism in sexual offenders. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34(3), 277-283.

Genest, A. A., & Mathieu, C. (2014). Intimate partner violence: The role of attachment on men’s anger. Partner Abuse, 5(4), 375-387.

Garcia-Moreno, C., Jansen, H. A., Ellsberg, M., Heise, L., & Watts, C. H. (2006). Prevalence of intimate partner violence: Findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence. The Lancet, 368 (9543), 1260-1269.

Garcia, L., Soria, C., & Hurwitz, E. L. (2007). Homicides and intimate partner violence a literature review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 8(4), 370-383.

Glass, N., Manganello, J., & Campbell, J. (2004). Risk for intimate partner femicide in violent relationships. Domestic Violence Report, 9(2), 17-32.

Harris Johnson, C. (2008). Intimate partner homicide and familicide in Western Australia. Paper presented at the AIC Conference on Domestic Homicide, Surfer’s Paradise, Australia.

Hilton, N. Z., & Harris, G. T. (2005). Predicting wife assault: A critical review and implications for policy and practice. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 6(1), 3-23.

Hilton, N. Z., Harris, G. T., & Rice, M. E. (2010). Risk assessment for criminal justice, offender intervention, and victim services. American Psychological Association.

Hossain, S., & Welchman, L. (Eds.). (2005). ‘Honour’: Crimes, paradigms and violence against women. London, England: Zed Books.

Johnson, M. P. (2011). Gender and types of intimate partner violence: A response to an anti-feminist literature review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(4), 289-296.

Jonson-Reid, M., Lauritsen, J. L., Edmond, T., & Schneider, F. D. (2015). Public policy and prevention of violence against women. Prevention, Policy, and Public Health, 229

Kander-Englander, E. (1992). Wife battering and violence outside the family. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 7(4), 462-470.

Katz, J. (2006). Macho paradox: Why some men hurt women and how all men can help. Sourcebooks, Inc.

Kropp, P. R. (2008). Intimate partner violence risk assessment and management. Violence and Victims, 23(2), 202-220.

Kropp, P. R., Hart, S. D., & Belfrage, H. (2010). Brief spousal assault form for the evaluation of risk (B-SAFER). User manual.

Koziol-McLain, J., Webster, D., McFarlane, J., Block, C. R., Ulrich, Y., Glass, N., & Campbell, J. C. (2006). Risk factors for femicide-suicide in abusive relationships: Results from a multisite case control study. Violence and Victims, 21(1), 3-21.

Kropp, P. R., Hart, S. D., & Lyon, D. (2008). Stalking Assessment and Management Manual (SAM).

Lakeman, L. (2005). Obsession, with intent: Violence against women. Black Rose Books.

Lee, J. (2005). Addressing domestic violence in the workplace. Human Resource Development.

Leth, P. M. (2009). Intimate partner homicide. Forensic Science, Medicine, And Pathology, 5(3), 199-203.

Looman, J., Abracen, J., Serin, R., & Marquis, P. (2005). Psychopathy, treatment change, and recidivism in high-risk, high-need sexual offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(5), 549-568.

Martinez, K. S. (2015). Not just domestic violence: The role of the workplace in mitigating abusers. University of Maryland Law Journal of Race. Religion, Gender & Class, 15(1), 170-189.

Marzuk, P. M., Tardiff, K., & Hirsch, C. S. (1992). The epidemiology of murder-suicide. Journal of the American Medical Association, 267(23), 3179-3183.

McFarlane, J., Campbell, J. C., & Watson, K. (2002). Intimate partner stalking and femicide: Urgent implications for women’s safety. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 20, 51-68.

Meloy, J. R. (1997). Predatory violence during mass murder. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 42, 326-329.

Meloy, J. R. (1999). Erotomania, triangulation, and homicide. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 44, 421-424.

Meloy J. R. (2002). Pathologies of attachment, violence, and criminality. In A. M. Goldstein (Ed.), Handbook of psychology. Vol. 11: Forensic psychology (pp. 509-526). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Melton, H. C. (2007). Predicting the occurrence of stalking in relationships characterized by domestic violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(1), 3-25.

Norris, S. M., Huss, M. T., & Palarea, R. E. (2011). A pattern of violence: Analyzing the relationship between intimate partner violence and stalking. Violence and Victims, 26(1), 103-115.

O’Leary-Kelly, A., Lean, E., Reeves, C., & Randel, J. (2008). Coming into the light: Intimate partner violence and its effects at work. Academy of Management Perspectives, 22(2), 57-72.

Reeves, C., & O’Leary-Kelly, A. M. (2007). The effects and costs of intimate partner violence for work organizations. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(3), 327-344.

Roberts, K. A. (2005). Women’s experience of violence during stalking by former romantic partners factors predictive of stalking violence. Violence Against Women, 11(1), 89-114.

Rothman, E. F., & Corso, P. S. (2008). Propensity for intimate partner abuse and workplace productivity why employers should care. Violence Against Women, 14(9), 1054-1064.

Siddiqui, H. (2005). There is no “honour” in domestic violence, only shame! Women’s struggles against ‘honour’ crimes in the UK. In L. S. Welchman & S. Hossain (Eds.), ‘Honour’: Crimes, paradigms and violence against women (pp. 263-307). London, England: Zed Books.

Soeiro, C., & Almeida, I. (2010, May). Spousal assault risk assessment and police intervention: Application to the Portuguese population. In 10th Annual Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Stanford, M. S., Houston, R. J., & Baldridge, R. M. (2008). Comparison of impulsive and premeditated perpetrators of intimate partner violence. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 26(6), 709-722.

Rosenbaum, M. (1990). The role of depression in couples involved in murder-suicide and homicide. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 1036-1039.

Spitzberg, B. H., & Cupach, W. R. (2014). The dark side of relationship pursuit: From attraction to obsession and stalking. New York, NY: Routledge.

Storey, J. E., & Hart, S. D. (2014). An examination of the Danger Assessment as a victim-based risk assessment instrument for lethal intimate partner violence. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management, 1(1), 56.

Stuart, G. L., Moore, T. M., Gordon, K. C., Hellmuth, J. C., Ramsey, S. E., & Kahler, C. W. (2006). Reasons for intimate partner violence perpetration among arrested women. Violence Against Women, 12(7), 609-621.

Sutherland, A. A., Johnstone, L., Davidson, K. M., Hart, S. D., Cooke, D. J., Kropp, P. R., & Stocks, R. (2012). Sexual violence risk assessment: An investigation of the interrater reliability of professional judgments made using the Risk for Sexual Violence Protocol. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 11(2), 119-133.

Swanberg, J. E., Logan, T. K., & Macke, C. (2005). Intimate partner violence, employment, and the workplace consequences and future directions. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 6(4), 286-312.

Swanberg, J. E., & Logan, T. K. (2005). Domestic violence and employment: A qualitative study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(1), 3.

Swanberg, J. E., & Macke, C. (2006). Intimate partner violence and the workplace consequences and disclosure. Affilia, 21(4), 391-406.

Swanberg, J., Macke, C., & Logan, T. K. (2007). Working women making it work: Intimate partner violence, employment, and workplace support. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(3), 292-311.

Taft, C. T., Pless, A. P., Stalans, L. J., Koenen, K. C., King, L. A., & King, D. W. (2005). Risk factors for partner violence among a national sample of combat veterans. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(1), 151-159.

Tolman, R. M., & Wang, H. C. (2005). Domestic violence and women’s employment: Fixed effects models of three waves of women’s employment study data. American Journal of Community Psychology, 36(1-2), 147-158.

Velotti, P., Elison, J., & Garofalo, C. (2014). Shame and aggression: Different trajectories and implications. Aggression and Violent Behavior,19(4), 454-461.

Watt, K. (2008). Understanding risk factors for intimate partner femicide: The role of domestic violence fatality review teams. Intimate partner violence prevention and intervention: The risk assessment and management approach, 45-60.

Widiss, D. A. (2008). Domestic violence and the workplace: The explosion of state legislation and the need for a comprehensive strategy. Brooklyn Law School, Legal Studies Paper, (90).

Wilder, S. (2014). When domestic violence comes to the workplace. Long-Term Living, 63(8), 46-47.

Williams, K. R. (2008). Domestic violence screening instrument (DVSI). Encyclopedia of Psychology and Law, 240-242.

Williams, K. R. (2012). Family violence risk assessment: A predictive cross-validation study of the Domestic Violence Screening Instrument-Revised (DVSI-R). Law and Human Behavior, 36(2), 120.

Wilson, R. (2011). Handling of a murder-suicide draws questions. The Chronical of Higher Education. Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/article/Handling-of-a-Murder-Suicide/129989/

Item 19: Situational and Organizational Contributors to Violence

Beech, B., & Leather, P. (2006). Workplace violence in the healthcare sector: A review of staff training and integration of training evaluation models. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11, 27–43

Blando, J., Ridenour, M., Hartley, D., & Casteel, C. (2015). Barriers to effective implementation of programs for the prevention of workplace violence in hospitals. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 20(1).

Borum, R., Bartel, P., & Forth, A. (2002). Manual for the structured assessment of violence risk in youth. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida.

Borum, R., Fein, R., Vossekuil, B., & Berglund, J. (1999). Threat assessment: Defining an approach for evaluating risk of targeted violence. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 17, 323-337.

Bowen, B., Privitera, M. R., & Bowie, V. (2011). Reducing workplace violence by creating healthy workplace environments. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 3(4), 185-198.

Bowling, N. A., & Beehr, T. A. (2006). Workplace harassment from the victim’s perspective: A theoretical model and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 998–1012.

Catley, B., & Shore, N. (2005, July). Workplace violence and the forging of management and organization history. In International Critical Management Conference (Vol. 4).

Cheng, G. H. L., & Chan, D. K. S. (2008). Who suffers more from job insecurity? A meta‐analytic review. Applied Psychology, 57(2), 272-303.

Cooper, C., Eslinger, D. M. and Stolley, P. D. (2006). Hospital-based violence intervention programs work. Journal of Trauma Injury Infection & Critical Care, 61: 534–540

Day, A. L., & Catano, V. M. (2006). Screening out violent employees. In E. K. Kelloway, J. Barling & J. J. Hurrell (Eds.), Handbook of Workplace Violence (pp. 549-577). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Denenberg, R. V. & Braverman, M. (1999). The violence-prone workplace: A new approach to dealing with hostile, threatening and uncivil behavior. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Eisenberg, D., Golberstein, E., & Gollust, S. E. (2007). Help-seeking and access to mental health care in a university student population. Medical Care, 45(7), 594-601.

Folger, R., & Skarlicki, D. P. (1998). A popcorn metaphor for employee aggression. In R. W. Griffin, A. O’Leary-Kelly & J. M. Collins (Eds.), Dysfunctional behavior in organizations: Violent and deviant behavior (pp. 43-81). Stamford, CT: JAI Press.

Fox, J. A., & Burstein, H. (2010). Violence and security on campus: From preschool through college. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers.

Hinduja, S. (2007). Work place violence and negative affective responses: A test of Agnew’s general strain theory. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35(6), 657-666.

Houdmont, J., Kerr, R., & Addley, K. (2012). Psychosocial factors and economic recession: The Stormont study. Occupational Medicine (London), 62(2), 98–104.

Inness, M., Barling, J., & Turner, N. (2005). Understanding supervisor-targeted aggression: A within-person, between-jobs design. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 731.

Kelloway, E. K., Catano, V., & Day, A. (2011). Counterproductive work behaviours. In People and work in Canada. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Nelson.

Kethineni, S., & Falcone, D. N. (2007). Employment and ex-offenders in the United States: Effects of legal and extralegal factors. Probation Journal, 54(1), 36-51.

Lageson, S., & Uggen, C. (2013). How work affects crime—and crime affects work—over the life course. Handbook of life-course criminology, 201-212. New York, NY: Springer.

Longton, J. (2015). A look at violence in the workplace against psychiatric aides and psychiatric technicians. Monthly Labor Review, 1-13.

Loomis, D., Marshall, S. W., & Ta, M. L. (2005). Employer policies toward guns and the risk of homicide in the workplace. American Journal of Public Health, 95(5), 830-832.

Lutgen‐Sandvik, P., Tracy, S. J., & Alberts, J. K. (2007). Burned by bullying in the American workplace: Prevalence, perception, degree and impact. Journal of Management Studies, 44(6), 837-862.

Magnavita, N. (2014). Workplace violence and occupational stress in healthcare workers: A chicken-and-egg situation-results of a 6-year follow-up study. Journal of Nursing Scholarship,46(5), 366-376.

Meloy, J. R., White, S. G., & Hart, S. (2013). Workplace assessment of targeted violence risk: The development and reliability of the WAVR‐21. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(5), 1353-1358.

Monahan, J. (1986). Dangerous and violent behavior. In O. B. Dickerson & A. J. Kaminer (Eds.), Occupational medicine: The troubled employee (pp. 559-568). Philadelphia, PA: Hanley & Belfus.

Pearson, C. M., Andersson, L. M., & Porath, C. L. (2005). Workplace incivility. In S. Fox & P. E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets (pp. 177-200). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Sheata, & Jha, S. (2010). Antecedents of interpersonal conflicts at workplace. Journal of Management & Public Policy, 1(2), 73-79.

Silver, E., & Teasdale, B. (2005). Mental disorder and violence: an examination of stressful life events and impaired social support. Social Problems, 52(1), 62-78.

Sinclair, R., Sears, L. E., Probst, T., & Zajack, M. (2010). A multilevel model of economic stress and employee well-being. Contemporary Occupational Health Psychology: Global Perspectives on Research and Practice, 1, 1-20.

Sulkowski, M. L., & Lazarus, P. J. (2011). Contemporary responses to violent attacks on college campuses. Journal of School Violence, 10(4), 338-354.

Quinlan, M. (2007). Organizational restructuring/downsizing, OHS regulation and worker health and wellbeing. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 30(4), 385-399.

Vickers, M. H. (2010). Introduction—bullying, mobbing, and violence in public service workplaces: The shifting sands of” acceptable” violence. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 32(1), 7-24.

Webster, C. D., Douglas, K. S., Eaves, D., & Hart, S. D. (1997). HCR – 20: Assessing for risk of violence (version 2). Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada: The Mental Health, Law, and Policy Institute, Simon Fraser University.

Item 20: Stabilizers and Buffers Against Violence

Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Euwema, M. C. (2005). Job resources buffer the impact of job demands on burnout. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(2), 170.

Bhalerao, H., & Kumar, S. (2015). Nonviolence at workplace—scale development and validation. Business Perspectives & Research, 3(1), 36-51.

Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59(1), 20-28.

Bonanno, G. A. (2005). Clarifying and extending the construct of adult resilience. American Psychologist, 60(3), 265-267.

Borum, R., Fein, R., Vossekuil, B., & Berglund, J. (1999). Threat assessment: Defining an approach for evaluating risk of targeted violence. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 17, 323-337.

Bowen, B., Privitera, M. R., & Bowie, V. (2011). Reducing workplace violence by creating healthy workplace environments. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 3(4), 185-198.

Cohen, G.S., Duffy, B., Eisenberg, A.L., Effernan, W.R., & Moll, J. (2008). Strategies for preventing workplace violence, In M. A. Lies II (Ed.), Preventing and managing workplace violence: Legal and strategic guidelines (pp. 166-204). Chicago, IL: American Bar Association.

Coker, A. L., Weston, R., Creson, D. L., Justice, B., & Blakeney, P. (2005). PTSD symptoms among men and women survivors of intimate partner violence: The role of risk and protective factors. Violence and Victims, 20(6), 625-643.

Cornell, D., Sheras, P., Gregory, A., & Fan, X. T. (2009). A retrospective study of school safety conditions in high schools using the Virginia Threat Assessment Guidelines versus alternative approaches. School Psychology Quarterly, 24, 119-129.

Coverdale, J., Louie, A., & Roberts, L. (2005). Protecting the safety of medical students and residents. Academic Psychiatry, 4(29), 329-331.

DeMatteo, D., Heilbrun, K., & Marczyk, G. (2005). Psychopathy, risk of violence, and protective factors in a noninstitutionalized and noncriminal sample. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 4, 147– 157.

Denenberg, R. V. & Braverman, M. (1999). The violence-prone workplace: A new approach to dealing with hostile, threatening and uncivil behavior. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Dervic, K., Grunebaum, M. F., Burke, A. K., Mann, J. J., & Oquendo, M. A. (2006). Protective factors against suicidal behavior in depressed adults reporting childhood abuse. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194(12), 971-974.

De Vogel, V., de Vries Robbé, M., de Ruiter, C., & Bouman, Y. H. (2011). Assessing protective factors in forensic psychiatric practice: Introducing the SAPROF. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 10(3), 171-177.

Dupré, K. E., & Barling, J. (2006). Predicting and preventing supervisory workplace aggression. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(1), 13.

Elisha, D., Castle, D., & Hocking, B. (2006). Reducing social isolation in people with mental illness: The role of the psychiatrist. Australasian Psychiatry, 14, 281–284.

Elbogen, E. B., Johnson, S. C., Newton, V. M., Timko, C., Vasterling, J. J., Van Male, L. M., & Beckham, J. C. (2014). Protective mechanisms and prevention of violence and aggression in veterans. Psychological Services, 11(2), 220.

Fisher, B. S., & May, D. (2009). College students’ crime-related fears on campus are fear-provoking cues gendered? Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 25(3), 300-321.

Gallant-Roman, M. A. (2008). Strategies and tools to reduce workplace violence. AAOHN Journal, 56(11), 449-454.

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